re模块
re_obj = re.compile(r'\d{3}')
re.fullmatch(r'\d{3}','234')
a = re_obj.fullmatch('234')
print(a)
re.search(r'\d{3}','123321bjidionb3h21')
b = re_obj.search('123321bjidionb3h21')
print(b)
1) fullmatch(正则表达式,字符串) - 让整个字符串和正则表达式进行匹配
2)match(正则表达式,字符串) - 匹配字符串开头
如果匹配不到结果,就返回None,如果匹配成功了,结果式匹配的对象
re_str = r'\d{3}'
print(re.fullmatch(re_str,'123'))
print(re.fullmatch(re_str,'123qwe'))
print(re.match(re_str,'123sdas'))
result = re.match(re_str,'133ewdsaad')
re_str = r'(\d{2})-([a-z]{3})'
result = re.match(re_str,'23-sjmhuikuandsuiabda')
print(result)
1)获取到匹配到的字符串:
匹配对象.group()
print(result.group())
匹配对象.group(分组号) - 获取正则表达式中指定的分组匹配到的结果(分组号从1开始)
print(result.group(1))
print(result.group(2))
2) 获取匹配到子串的范围
print(result.span(2))
3)获取原字符串
print(result.string)
1)search(正则表达式,字符串) - 在字符串中查找第一个能和正则表达式匹配的子串。如果找不着返回的是None
str1 = '1hu2io32iub32,u1ibdu1321!iuob321io'
print(re.search(r'\d+',str1))
2)findall(正则表达式,字符串) - 获取字符串中所有满足正则表达式的子串,返回一个列表,列表中的元素是字符串
result = re.findall(r'\d+',str1)
print(result) #['1', '2', '32', '32', '1', '1321', '321']
result = re.findall(r'(\d+)[a-z]',str1)
print(result) #['1', '2', '32', '1', '321']
result = re.findall(r'(\d+)([a-z])',str1)
print(result) #[('1', 'h'), ('2', 'i'), ('32', 'i'), ('1', 'i'), ('321', 'i')]
result = re.findall(r'\d+[a-z]',str1)
print(result) # ['1h', '2i', '32i', '1i', '321i']
3)finditer(正则表达式,字符串) - 获取字符串中所有满足正则表达式的子串
str2 = '1o1oabc===2o2pabc123hio3n12jnabc==!!!!'
result = re.findall(r'(\d[a-zA-Z]){2}abc',str2)
print(result) # ['1o', '2p']
result = re.finditer(r'(\d[a-zA-Z]){2}abc',str2)
print(list(result)) #[<re.Match object; span=(0, 7), match='1o1oabc'>, <re.Match object; span=(10, 17), match='2o2pabc'>]
for i in result:
print(i.group(1))
split(正则表达式,字符串) - 将字符串中能和正则表达式匹配的字符串作为切割点,对字符串进行切割,返回值是列表,列表中元素是字符串
str2 = 'asnd1n2io1ndo1n21odb21ondo31ds'
result = re.split(r'\d+',str2)
print(result) #['asnd', 'n', 'io', 'ndo', 'n', 'odb', 'ondo', 'ds']
ub(正则表达式,字符串1,字符串2) - 将字符串2中能和正则表达式匹配的子串全部替换成字符串1
str2 = 'asnd1n2io1ndo1n21odb21ondo31ds'
result = re.sub(r'\d+','*',str2)