php对象深浅拷贝问题

1 简介

• php中，普通类型（包括array）为值拷贝；对象是引用（实质是拷贝了对象标识符，通过它可以访问到真正的对象，即new class时便是引用了）

• php5之后，=、做参数（无论是否带前置&）都是对class的引用（浅拷贝）

• 推荐用序列化深拷贝：unserialize(serialize($one))、json_decode(json_encode($one))

2 示例

1. 综合测试

<?php
// 下面列举三种情况：

// 1.对象做参数，或者被use
class Person{
    public $name = "";
    public function __construct($name){
        $this->name = $name;
    }
}
$aman = new Person('man');
function change( $p){
    $p->name = 'lucy';
}
// 浅拷贝
change($aman);
echo $aman->name, "\n"; //lucy

// 2.数组
$stu = array(
    'name' => 'lilei',
    'sex' => 'male'
);
// 普通类型深拷贝
function foo($arr){
    $arr['name'] = 'hanmeimei';
    return $arr;
}
foo($stu);
var_dump($stu); 

// 3.对象数组
$people = array(
    'a' => new Person("aaaaa"),
    'b' => new Person("bbbbb"),
);
// 值为对象，浅拷贝
function changeOne($arr){
    $arr['a']->name = 'lucy2';
}
changeOne($people);
var_dump($people);

2. 对类进行集中测试

<?php
class Test {
    public $f = "first";
}

class TestOne {
    public $a = 1;
    public $ac = null;

    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->ac = new Test();
    }

    // __clone时需要修改的代码
    public function __clone()
    {
        $this->ac = clone $this->ac;
    }
}

$one = new TestOne();
echo "原值: ", $one->a, " ", $one->ac->f, "\n";

// =赋值：完全浅拷贝：$one的普通属性、class属性
//$two = $one;
//$two->a = 2;
//$two->ac->f = "second";
//echo "=赋值：", $one->a, " ", $one->ac->f, "\n";

// clone：部分浅拷贝：深拷贝$one的普通属性、浅拷贝class属性
//$three = clone $one;
//$three->a = 2;
//$three->ac->f = "second";
//echo "clone：", $one->a, " ", $one->ac->f, "\n";

// __clone添加逻辑：完全深拷贝，依赖编码(有嵌套的问题：类属性里面还有类属性，不推荐这样)：$one的普通属性、class属性
//$four = clone $one;
//$four->a = 2;
//$four->ac->f = "second";
//echo "__clone：", $one->a, " ", $one->ac->f, "\n";

// serialize\json序列化赋值：完全深拷贝，$one的普通属性、class属性
//$five = unserialize(serialize($one));
//$five->a = 2;
//$five->ac->f = "second";
//echo "serialize：", $one->a, " ", $one->ac->f, "\n";
$five = json_decode(json_encode($one));
$five->a = 2;
$five->ac->f = "second";
echo "serialize：", $one->a, " ", $one->ac->f, "\n";