java 序列化及反序列化

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java 序列化及反序列化

1．概念介绍

序列化 ： 将对象转化成流的过程称为序列化。

 反序列化 ： 将流转化成对象的过程称之为反序列化。

2．使用原则

序列化与反序列化必须遵守的原则

a)         Java对象

在java中要想使一个java对象可以实现序列化与反序列化,必须让该类实现java.io.Serializable接口

java.io.Serializable接口定义如下:

publicinterface Serializable { }

从上述定义中可以看到该接口中未定义任何方法,这大大的简化了开发者

b)                      序列化主要依赖java.io.ObjectOutputStream类,该类对java.io.FileOutputStream进一步做了封装,这里主要使用ObjectOutputStream类的writeObject()方法实现序列化功能。

3．Serializable接口应用

通过下面的一段代码进行分析：

package serialized;

 

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.ObjectInputStream;

import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.util.Date;

 

public class SampleSerialize implements Serializable{

    private int id;

    private String name;

    private boolean isboy;

    private Date birthday;

   

   

   

    /**

     * @param id

     * @param name

     * @param isboy

     * @param birthday

     */

    public SampleSerialize(int id, String name, boolean isboy, Date birthday) {

       super();

       this.id = id;

        this.name = name;

       this.isboy = isboy;

       this.birthday = birthday;

    }

    /**

     * @return the id

     */

    public int getId() {

       return id;

    }

    /**

     * @param id the id to set

     */

    public void setId(int id) {

       this.id = id;

    }

    /**

     * @return the name

     */

    public String getName() {

       return name;

    }

    /**

     * @param name the name to set

     */

    public void setName(String name) {

       this.name = name;

    }

    /**

     * @return the isboy

     */

    public boolean isIsboy() {

       return isboy;

    }

    /**

     * @param isboy the isboy to set

     */

    public void setIsboy(boolean isboy) {

       this.isboy = isboy;

    }

    /**

     * @return the birthday

     */

    public Date getBirthday() {

       return birthday;

    }

    /**

     * @param birthday the birthday to set

     */

    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {

        this.birthday = birthday;

    }

   

    //输出

    public void printInfo() {

       System.out.println("id : " + this.id);

       System.out.println("name : " + this.name);

       System.out.println("isboy : " + this.isboy);

       System.out.println("birthday : " + this.birthday);

    }

   

    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

       ObjectOutputStream objOut = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("lib/data.dat"));

       ObjectInputStream objIn = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("lib/data.dat"));

       SampleSerialize ss = new SampleSerialize(1,"Joary",true,new Date());

       SampleSerialize ss1 = new SampleSerialize(2,"坤",true,new Date());

       objOut.writeObject(ss);

       objOut.writeObject(ss1);

      

       SampleSerialize s = (SampleSerialize)objIn.readObject();

       s.printInfo();

       s = (SampleSerialize)objIn.readObject();

       s.printInfo();

    }

}

运行程序后，打开data文件，发现内容如下：

 

每个文件都是以AC ED这个数字开始的，00 05代表对象序列化格式的版本号。显然文件开头类的信息描述，系统信息及包名及类名，之后就是字段的值了。

再看下个代码：

package serialized;

 

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.ObjectInputStream;

import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.util.Date;

 

public class InheritSeri extends SampleSerialize{

 

    File file = null;

    Animal dog = new Animal("dog","swety");

    public InheritSeri(int id, String name, boolean isboy, Date birthday) {

       super(id, name, isboy, birthday);

       // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

       file = new File("c:/data");

    }

   

    public void printInfo() {

       super.printInfo();

       this.dog.printInfo();

    }

   

    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

       ObjectOutputStream objOut = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("lib/data1.dat"));

       ObjectInputStream objIn = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("lib/data1.dat"));

       objOut.writeObject(new InheritSeri(1,"joary",true,new Date()));

       InheritSeri is = (InheritSeri)objIn.readObject();

       is.printInfo();

    }

}

 

class Animal implements Serializable{

    private String category;

    private String aniname;

    public Animal(String category,String aniname) {

       this.category = category;

       this.aniname = aniname;

    }

   

    public void printInfo() {

       System.out.println("category : " + this.category);

       System.out.println("aniname : " + this.aniname);

    }

}

 

类InheritSeri继承类SampleSerialize，间接实现了Serializable结口。一个进行序列化，则类中要实现序列化的域必须也实现的序列化，否则会抛出java.io.NotSerializableException。

4．Externalizable接口应用

package serialized;

 

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;

import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;

import java.io.Externalizable;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.ObjectInput;

import java.io.ObjectInputStream;

import java.io.ObjectOutput;

import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

 

public class ExternalizableDemo implements Externalizable{

 

    @Override

    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException,

           ClassNotFoundException {

       // TODO Auto-generated method stub

       System.out.println("外部化输入");

    }

 

    @Override

    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {

       // TODO Auto-generated method stub

       System.out.println("外部化输出");

    }

 

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

       ByteArrayOutputStream bao = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

       ObjectOutputStream oos = new ObjectOutputStream(bao);

       oos.writeObject(new ExternalizableDemo());

       ByteArrayInputStream bai = new ByteArrayInputStream(bao.toByteArray());

       ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(bai);

       ExternalizableDemo ed = (ExternalizableDemo)ois.readObject();

    }

}

利用Externalizable接口，可以自己定制序列化类的具体的项，要存哪些项，不要存哪些项都由人来手工完成。虽然工作加大了，但更加便利。

 

package serialized;

 

import java.io.Externalizable;

import java.io.File;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.ObjectInput;

import java.io.ObjectInputStream;

import java.io.ObjectOutput;

import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;

import java.io.Serializable;

import java.util.Date;

 

public class InheritSeri extends SampleSerialize{

 

    File file = null;

    Animal dog = new Animal("dog","swety");

   

    public InheritSeri(int id, String name, boolean isboy, Date birthday) {

       super(id, name, isboy, birthday);

       // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub

       file = new File("c:/data");

    }

   

    public void printInfo() {

       super.printInfo();

       this.dog.printInfo();

    }

   

    public static void main(String[] args) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException, ClassNotFoundException {

       ObjectOutputStream objOut = new ObjectOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("lib/data1.dat"));

       ObjectInputStream objIn = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream("lib/data1.dat"));

       objOut.writeObject(new InheritSeri(1,"joary",true,new Date()));

       InheritSeri is = (InheritSeri)objIn.readObject();

       is.printInfo();

    }

}

 

class Animal implements Externalizable{

    private String category;

    private String aniname;

   

    public Animal() {

      

    }

   

    public Animal(String category,String aniname) {

       this.category = category;

       this.aniname = aniname;

    }

   

    public void printInfo() {

       System.out.println("category : " + this.category);

       System.out.println("aniname : " + this.aniname);

    }

 

    @Override

    public void readExternal(ObjectInput in) throws IOException,

           ClassNotFoundException {

       // TODO Auto-generated method stub

       System.out.println("外部化输入");

       this.category = "外部化输入" + in.readUTF();

       this.aniname = "外部化输入" + in.readUTF();

    }

 

    @Override

    public void writeExternal(ObjectOutput out) throws IOException {

       // TODO Auto-generated method stub

       System.out.println("外部化输出");

       out.writeUTF(this.category);

       out.writeUTF(this.aniname);

    }

}

 

对3中的代码进行修改，使Animal类实现Externalizable接口，并继承两个方法writeExternal及readExternal。对于此例输出：

外部化输出

外部化输入

id : 1

name : joary

isboy : true

birthday : Mon Aug 16 16:10:47 CST 2010

category : 外部化输入dog

aniname : 外部化输入swety

 

可见实现Externalizable接口的类，序列化时，调用的是writeExternal及readExternal方法。