视频资源:一小时掌握Swagger技术
一、简介
swagger是Restfull Api开发工具,提供 接口描述文档 及 调试功能
根据配置自动扫描接口生成接口文档,避免后端接口文档不能及时更新,便于前后端完成联调
详细介绍可参看:https://www.jianshu.com/p/349e130e40d5
二、开始使用
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pom引入依赖
(1)springfox-swagger2
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.springfox/springfox-swagger2 --> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId> <version>2.9.2</version> </dependency>
(2)springfox-swagger-ui
<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/io.springfox/springfox-swagger-ui --> <dependency> <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> <version>2.9.2</version> </dependency>
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创建Swagger配置类
package cn.edu.tit.swagger.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder; import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors; import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors; import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo; import springfox.documentation.service.Contact; import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType; import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket; import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2; /** * @ClassName: SwaggerConfig * @Description: Swagger配置了类 * @Author: liu-hao * @Date: 2020-12-10 10:18 * @Version: 1.0 **/ @Configuration @EnableSwagger2 public class SwaggerConfig { // api接口包扫描路径 public static final String SWAGGER_SCAN_BASE_PACKAGE = "cn.edu.tit.swagger.controller"; // 接口文档版本 public static final String VERSION = "1.0.0"; @Bean public Docket api() { return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2) //用于分组功能,也可以不配置 .groupName("eleprice-service") //注册整体api信息 .apiInfo(apiInfo()) //swagger功能是否启用,可以通过配置设置,也可以先写死 .enable(true) .select() .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage(SWAGGER_SCAN_BASE_PACKAGE)) .paths(PathSelectors.any()) .build(); } private ApiInfo apiInfo() { return new ApiInfoBuilder().title("xxx管理系统") .description("xxx管理系统API接口文档") .contact(new Contact("ZhangSan", "", "xxxxx@163.com")) .version(VERSION) .build(); } }
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创建Controller接口
package cn.edu.tit.swagger.controller; import cn.edu.tit.swagger.service.StudentService; import io.swagger.annotations.Api; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; /** * @ClassName: StudentController * @Description: 学生服务控制层 * @Author: liu-hao * @Date: 2020-12-10 09:53 * @Version: 1.0 **/ @Api(value = "学生服务API接口") @RestController @RequestMapping(value = "student") public class StudentController { @Autowired StudentService studentService; @ApiOperation(value = "获取指定学生ID的姓名") @GetMapping(value = "getStudentName") public String getStudentName(String id) { return studentService.getStudentName(id); } @ApiOperation(value = "获取指定学生ID的性别") @GetMapping("getStudentSex") public String getStudentSex(String id) { return studentService.getStudentSex(id); } @ApiOperation(value = "获取指定学生ID的学生年龄") @GetMapping("getStudentAge") public String getStudentAge(String id) { return studentService.getStudentAge(id); } @ApiOperation(value = "获取指定学生ID的班级姓名") @GetMapping("getStudentClazzName") public String getStudentClazzName(String id) { return studentService.getStudentClazzName(id); } }
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创建实体类
package cn.edu.tit.swagger.model; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModel; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiModelProperty; /** * @ClassName: Student * @Description: 学生实体类 * @Author: liu-hao * @Date: 2020-12-10 09:36 * @Version: 1.0 **/ @ApiModel("学生实体类") public class Student { @ApiModelProperty("学号") String id; @ApiModelProperty("姓名") String name; @ApiModelProperty("性别") String sex; @ApiModelProperty("年龄") Integer age; @ApiModelProperty("班级名称") String clazzName; public Student() { } public Student(String id, String name, String sex, Integer age, String clazzName) { this.id = id; this.name = name; this.sex = sex; this.age = age; this.clazzName = clazzName; } public String getId() { return id; } public void setId(String id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public String getSex() { return sex; } public void setSex(String sex) { this.sex = sex; } public Integer getAge() { return age; } public void setAge(Integer age) { this.age = age; } public String getClazzName() { return clazzName; } public void setClazzName(String clazzName) { this.clazzName = clazzName; } }
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运行项目,访问地址
访问地址(修改地址端口以及项目上下文路径):http://localhost:8888/projectName/swagger-ui.html#/
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常用注解介绍
(1)@Api
@Api:用在请求的类上,表示对类的说明 tags="说明该类的作用,可以在UI界面上看到的注解" value="该参数没什么意义,在UI界面上也看到,所以不需要配置"
(2)@ApiOperation
@ApiOperation:用在请求的方法上,说明方法的用途、作用 value="说明方法的用途、作用" notes="方法的备注说明"
(3)@ApiImplicitParams、@ApiImplicitParam
@ApiImplicitParams:用在请求的方法上,表示一组参数说明 @ApiImplicitParam:用在@ApiImplicitParams注解中,指定一个请求参数的各个方面 name:参数名 value:参数的汉字说明、解释 required:参数是否必须传 paramType:参数放在哪个地方 · header --> 请求参数的获取:@RequestHeader · query --> 请求参数的获取:@RequestParam · path(用于restful接口)--> 请求参数的获取:@PathVariable · body(不常用) · form(不常用) dataType:参数类型,默认String,其它值dataType="Integer" defaultValue:参数的默认值
(4)@ApiResponses、 @ApiResponse
@ApiResponses:用在请求的方法上,表示一组响应 @ApiResponse:用在@ApiResponses中,一般用于表达一个错误的响应信息 code:数字,例如400 message:信息,例如"请求参数没填好" response:抛出异常的类
(5)@ApiModel、@ApiModelProperty
@ApiModel:用于响应类上,表示一个返回响应数据的信息 (这种一般用在post创建的时候,使用@RequestBody这样的场景, 请求参数无法使用@ApiImplicitParam注解进行描述的时候) @ApiModelProperty:用在属性上,描述响应类的属性
三、高阶使用
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根据不同环境决定是否开启Swagger
思路:通过Environment实例获取当前所处环境,进而进行实现
@Bean public Docket docket(Environment environment) { // 获取当前环境 是生产环境 启动swagger boolean isProFlag = environment.acceptsProfiles(Profiles.of("pro")); System.out.println("is dev environment....===========>" + isProFlag); return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2).apiInfo(appInfo()).groupName("bitqian"). enable(isProFlag). // 是否启动swagger 如果为false,则不能在浏览器中使用swagger select(). apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("cn.bitqian.swagger.controller")). // paths(PathSelectors.ant("/hello/**")). build(); }
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配置Api文档分组
通过在配置类中新增Bean注入实现
@Bean public Docket docket1() { return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2).groupName("group1"); } @Bean public Docket docket12() { return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2).groupName("group2"); }
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微服务环境使用Swagger
参考博客:使用 Zuul 聚合多个微服务的 Swagger 文档
项目工程:zuul-swagger
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获取自定义或指定注解的注释
参考博客: swagger2使用自定义注解生成文档
package com.telek.business.config; import com.telek.framework.annotation.ActionMapping; import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation; import org.springframework.core.Ordered; import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order; import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType; import springfox.documentation.spi.service.OperationBuilderPlugin; import springfox.documentation.spi.service.contexts.OperationContext; import java.util.List; /** * @ClassName: ActionMappingOperationBuilderPlugin * @Description: 自定义控制层注解扫描 * @Author: liu-hao * @Date: 2020-12-10 17:30 * @Version: 1.0 **/ @Component @Order(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE - 10) public class ActionMappingOperationBuilderPlugin implements OperationBuilderPlugin { @Override public void apply(OperationContext context) { List<ApiOperation> list = context.findAllAnnotations(ApiOperation.class); if (list.size() == 0) { List<ActionMapping> explainList = context.findAllAnnotations(ActionMapping.class); if (explainList.size() > 0) { ActionMapping actionMapping = explainList.get(0); context.operationBuilder().summary(actionMapping.serverDesc());//替换默认值 } } } @Override public boolean supports(DocumentationType documentationType) { return true; } }