2019.3.10 Qt学习---简单TCP通信

先说一下自己对QT的TCP通信的简单理解

---

客户端Client
需要一个QTcpSocket对象
常用函数有：
void connectToHost(const QHostAddress &address, quint16 port, OpenMode openMode = ReadWrite)
void disconnectFromHost()
QHostAddress peerAddress() const
QString peerName() const
qint16 peerPort() const
qint64 write(const char *data)
qint64 read(char *data, qint64 maxSize)
常用信号：
void readyRead()
void connected()
void disconnected()
QTcpSocket就是一个可以和对方互动的一个对象
服务端Server
需要一个QTcpSocket对象和一个QTcpServer对象
QTcpSocket用法跟上面一样
QTcpServer常用函数：
bool listen(const QHostAddress &address = QHostAddress::Any, quint16 port = 0)
QTcpSocket * nextPendingConnection()
常用信号：
void newConnection()
QTcpServer的作用就是声明服务端，用于接收QTcpSocket的连接信号

TCP大致通信流程：
Server监听目标地址并设置端口
若有Client在目标地址内并发送连接信号给Server，则Server与Client连接成功，两者通过Socket来通信
两者之间的Socket是对等关系，通过write发送消息，通过read接收消息
两者其中之一主动断开连接，Server继续监听

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使用网络编程需要在pro文件中加入 QT += network

学到的新东西：
QString转char*：str.toUtf8().data()
TextEdit追加输出：ui->textEdit->append()
获取TextEdit内容：ui->textEdit->toPlainText()

客户端主要代码：

#include "clientwidget.h"
#include "ui_clientwidget.h"
#include <QHostAddress>

ClientWidget::ClientWidget(QWidget *parent) :
    QWidget(parent),
    ui(new Ui::ClientWidget)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);

    TcpSocket = NULL;
    setWindowTitle("客户端");
    TcpSocket = new QTcpSocket(this);

    connect(TcpSocket, &QTcpSocket::connected,                              //接收到连接信号
            [=]()
            {
                QString str = QString("连接成功!\n[%1:%2]").
                                arg(TcpSocket->peerAddress().toString()).   //获取对方IP
                                arg(TcpSocket->peerPort());                 //获取对方端口
                ui->textEditRead->setText(str);
            }

            );
    connect(TcpSocket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead,                              //接收到消息信号
            [=]()
            {
                QString str = "Serve:" + QString(TcpSocket->readAll());
                ui->textEditRead->append(str);
            }

            );
}

ClientWidget::~ClientWidget()
{
    delete ui;
}

void ClientWidget::on_pushButtonConnect_clicked()
{
    QString IP = ui->lineEditIP->text();
    qint16 port = ui->lineEditPort->text().toInt();

    TcpSocket->connectToHost(QHostAddress(IP), port);               //连接主机
}

void ClientWidget::on_pushButtonSend_clicked()
{
    if(TcpSocket == NULL)
        return;
    QString str = ui->textEditWrite->toPlainText();
    TcpSocket->write(str.toUtf8().data());                          //发送消息
    ui->textEditRead->append("Client:" + str);
    ui->textEditWrite->clear();
}

void ClientWidget::on_pushButtonDisconnect_clicked()
{
    if(TcpSocket == NULL)
        return;
    TcpSocket->disconnectFromHost();                                //断开连接
    TcpSocket->close();                                             //关闭Socket
    ui->textEditRead->append("已断开连接!");
}

服务端主要代码：

#include "serverwidget.h"
#include "ui_serverwidget.h"

ServerWidget::ServerWidget(QWidget *parent) :
    QWidget(parent),
    ui(new Ui::ServerWidget)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    TcpServer = NULL;
    TcpSocket = NULL;
    TcpServer = new QTcpServer(this);
    TcpServer->listen(QHostAddress::Any, 8888);                     //设置监听IP地址和端口
    setWindowTitle("服务器IP：127.0.0.1 服务器端口：8888");
    connect(TcpServer, &QTcpServer::newConnection,                  //接收到连接信号
            [=]()
            {
                TcpSocket = TcpServer->nextPendingConnection();     //连接等待的下一个客户端
                QString str = QString("[%1:%2] 已成功连接").
                        arg(TcpSocket->peerAddress().toString()).   //获取对方IP地址
                        arg(TcpSocket->peerPort());                 //获取对方端口
                ui->textEditRead->setText(str);

                connect(TcpSocket, &QTcpSocket::readyRead,          //接收到消息信号
                        [=]()
                        {
                            QString str = "Client:" + QString(TcpSocket->readAll());
                            ui->textEditRead->append(str);
                        }

                        );
            }

            );
}

ServerWidget::~ServerWidget()
{
    delete ui;
}

void ServerWidget::on_pushButtonSend_clicked()
{
    if(TcpSocket == NULL)
      return;
    QString str = ui->textEditWrite->toPlainText();
    TcpSocket->write(str.toUtf8().data());              //发送消息
    ui->textEditRead->append("Server:" + str);
    ui->textEditWrite->clear();
}

void ServerWidget::on_pushButtonDisconnect_clicked()
{
    if(TcpSocket == NULL)
        return;
    TcpSocket->disconnectFromHost();                    //断开连接
    TcpSocket->close();                                 //关闭Socket
    TcpSocket = NULL;
}

在main.cpp中创建客户端/服务端的窗口对象 w2
用w2.show()同时运行2个窗口

效果图：