2015/08/12/HTTPURL中GET和POST/HTTPClient中的GET和POST

Web服务器的建立

HttpUrlConnection

HttpClient

1.在建立Web Project之后，对数据库进行连接时，必须要把SQL的jar包放入到WebContent的WEB-INF中lib的目录下面才可以正常的运行

2.服务器的主要功能如图所示

3.构建服务器的代码

package com.baidu.test;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class MyServerLet
 */
@WebServlet("/MyServerLet")
public class MyServerLet extends HttpServlet {
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()
     */
    public MyServerLet() {
        super();
        // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
    }

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    /***
     * 该方法能得到客户端提交的用户名和密码，
     */
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username=request.getParameter("username");           //从网页中得到关键字username后面的内容
        String passwrod=request.getParameter("password");           //从网页中得到关键字password后面的内容
        username=EnCoding.doEncoding(username);                     //将username的编码个是转换为utf-8的格式
        System.out.println("用户名:"+username+"密码为:"+passwrod);
        String s="";
        Connection conn=SQLManger.newInstance().getConnection();    //连接数据库
        try {
            //创建一个preparedStatement对象，从数据库中筛选username和password数据对
            PreparedStatement state=conn.prepareStatement("select * from user where user_name=? and password=?");
            state.setString(1, username);
            state.setString(2, passwrod);
            ResultSet set=state.executeQuery();
            set.last();
            int num=set.getRow();
            if (num==1) {
                s="登录成功";
            }else{
                s="用户名或密码错误";
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
//      try {
//          Thread.sleep(10000);
//      } catch (InterruptedException e) {
//          // TODO Auto-generated catch block
//          e.printStackTrace();
//      }

        response.setHeader("Content-type", "text/html;charset=UTF-8");
//      让浏览器以UTF-8编码格式解析
        response.getWriter().append(s);

//      response.getWriter().append("Served at: ").append(request.getContextPath());
    }

    /**
     * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
     */
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

        doGet(request, response);
    }

}
package com.baidu.test;

import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;

public class EnCoding {
    /***
     * 这个方法是用来将ISO-8859-1类型的字符转变为UTF-8类型的字符
     * @param str   传入ISO-8859-1类型的字符串
     * @return      返回UTF-8类型的字符
     */
    public static String doEncoding(String str){
        try {
            byte[] array=str.getBytes("ISO-8859-1");    //将传入的字符串转变为字节类型
            str=new String(array, "UTF-8");             //将字节类型的数据转换为字符串类型
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return str;
    }
}
package com.baidu.test;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.SQLException;

public class SQLManger {
    private Connection connection;

    public Connection getConnection() {
        return connection;
    }
    /**
     * 单例设计模式
     */
    private static SQLManger manger;
    public static synchronized SQLManger newInstance(){
        if (manger==null) {
            manger=new SQLManger();
        }
        return manger;
    }
    /***
     * 该方法是用来连接指定url的数据库
     * localhost可以写成别人的ip地址，这样就能连接到别人的数据库
     */
    private SQLManger (){
        String driver="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
        String url="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/clazz";
        String user="root";
        String password="123456";
        try {
            Class.forName(driver);
            connection=DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (SQLException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

HttpUrlConnection是sun封装成的网络连接，分的比较细，使用起来比较麻烦doGet 直接连接在URL后边 是显示的
doPost 是隐式的提交，一般用于表格的提交

HttpClient 是Apache使用HttpUrlConnection封装的类，接口比较确定，使用起来比较方便

HttpUrlConnection和HttpClient 的程序例子

package com.baidu.url;


import java.awt.EventQueue;

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
import javax.swing.JPasswordField;
import javax.swing.JLabel;

public class URLConnectionFinalText extends JFrame {

    private JPanel contentPane;
    private JTextField textFieldUserName;
    private JPasswordField passwordField;

    /**
     * Launch the application.
     */
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                    URLConnectionFinalText frame = new URLConnectionFinalText();
                    frame.setVisible(true);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Create the frame.
     */
    public URLConnectionFinalText() {
        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        setBounds(100, 100, 398, 433);
        contentPane = new JPanel();
        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(5, 5, 5, 5));
        setContentPane(contentPane);
        contentPane.setLayout(null);

        JButton btnNewButton = new JButton("DoPost");
        btnNewButton.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String userName=textFieldUserName.getText();
                char[] pass=passwordField.getPassword();
                String passWord=new String(pass);
                String params="username="+userName+"&password="+passWord;
                HTTPSetDoPost doPost=new HTTPSetDoPost();
                doPost.HTTPDoPost(params);              
            }
        });
        btnNewButton.setBounds(190, 193, 166, 52);
        contentPane.add(btnNewButton);

        JButton button = new JButton("退出");
        button.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
        button.setBounds(10, 363, 362, 32);
        contentPane.add(button);

        textFieldUserName = new JTextField();
        textFieldUserName.setBounds(122, 35, 176, 42);
        contentPane.add(textFieldUserName);
        textFieldUserName.setColumns(10);

        passwordField = new JPasswordField();
        passwordField.setBounds(122, 111, 176, 42);
        contentPane.add(passwordField);

        JLabel label = new JLabel("用户名");
        label.setBounds(28, 48, 54, 15);
        contentPane.add(label);

        JLabel label_1 = new JLabel("密码");
        label_1.setBounds(28, 124, 54, 15);
        contentPane.add(label_1);

        JButton btnDoget = new JButton("DoGet");
        btnDoget.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String userName=textFieldUserName.getText();
                char[] pass=passwordField.getPassword();
                String passWord=new String(pass);
                String urlString="http://localhost:8080/ElevenAugMyServer/MyServerLet?username="+userName+"&password="+passWord;
                HTTPSetDoGet httpSetDoGet=new HTTPSetDoGet();
                httpSetDoGet.doGet(urlString);
            }
        });
        btnDoget.setBounds(10, 194, 155, 50);
        contentPane.add(btnDoget);

        JButton btnHttpclientdoget = new JButton("HTTPClientDoGet");
        btnHttpclientdoget.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String userName=textFieldUserName.getText();
                char[] pass=passwordField.getPassword();
                String passWord=new String(pass);
                String urlString="http://localhost:8080/ElevenAugMyServer/MyServerLet?username="+userName+"&password="+passWord;
                HTTPClientDoGet httpClientDoGet=new HTTPClientDoGet();
                httpClientDoGet.doGet(urlString);
            }
        });
        btnHttpclientdoget.setBounds(10, 285, 155, 52);
        contentPane.add(btnHttpclientdoget);

        JButton btnHttpclientdopost = new JButton("HTTPClientDoPost");
        btnHttpclientdopost.addActionListener(new ActionListener() {
            public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
                String userName=textFieldUserName.getText();
                char[] pass=passwordField.getPassword();
                String passWord=new String(pass);
                HTTPClientDoPost httpClientDoPost=new HTTPClientDoPost();
                httpClientDoPost.doPost(userName, passWord);
            }
        });
        btnHttpclientdopost.setBounds(184, 285, 172, 52);
        contentPane.add(btnHttpclientdopost);
    }
}
package com.baidu.url;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.StatusLine;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;

public class HTTPClientDoGet {
    /***
     * 该方法是链接URL服务器利用，并用GET方法向服务器提交数据，设设置服务器接收数据后的读取方式为UTF-8
     * 执行GET方法得到服务器的返回的所有数据都在response中
     * @param urlString     传入包含用户名和密码的url
     */
    public void doGet(String urlString){
//      String urlString="http://localhost:8080/ElevenAugMyServer/MyServerLet?username=ni&password=123456";
        HttpClientBuilder bulider=HttpClientBuilder.create();               //由于不能直接创建HttpClientBuilder所以利用他的方法来创建这个实例
        HttpClient client=bulider.build();                                  //利用build方法创建一个Httpclient实例（生成client）
        HttpGet get=new HttpGet(urlString);                                 //生成url（设置为get方法）
        get.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");//设置服务器接收后数据的读取方式为utf8
        try {
            HttpResponse response=client.execute(get);                      //执行get方法得到服务器的返回的所有数据都在response中
            StatusLine statusLine=response.getStatusLine();                 //httpClient访问服务器返回的表头，包含http状态码
            int code=statusLine.getStatusCode();                            //得到状态码
            if (code==HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                HttpEntity entity=response.getEntity();                     //得到数据的实体
                InputStream is=entity.getContent();                         //得到输入流
                BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
                String line=br.readLine();
                while(line!=null){
                    System.out.println(line);
                    line=br.readLine();
                }

            }
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}
package com.baidu.url;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;

public class HTTPClientDoPost {
    /***
     * 该方法是链接URL服务器利用，并用post方法向服务器提交数据，设设置服务器接收数据后的读取方式为UTF-8
     * 执行post方法得到服务器的返回的所有数据都在response中
     * @param userName  传入用户名
     * @param passWord  传入密码
     */
    public void doPost(String userName,String passWord){
        String urlString="http://localhost:8080/ElevenAugMyServer/MyServerLet";
        HttpClientBuilder builder=HttpClientBuilder.create();               //创建HttpClientBuilder
        builder.setConnectionTimeToLive(3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);       //设置链接超时
        HttpClient client=builder.build();                                  //创建Client
        HttpPost post=new HttpPost(urlString);                              //设置为Post方法
        NameValuePair pair=new BasicNameValuePair("username" ,userName);    //
        NameValuePair pair2=new BasicNameValuePair("password", passWord);   //
        ArrayList<NameValuePair> params=new ArrayList<>();                  //创建ArrayList数组
        params.add(pair);                                                   //添加元素
        params.add(pair2);                                                  //添加元素
        try {
            post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,"UTF-8"));       //创建一个实体，将ArrayList封装为UTF-8的类型
            post.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");//设置服务器接收数据后的读取方式为UTF-8
            HttpResponse response=client.execute(post);                     //执行post方法得到服务器的返回的所有数据都在response中
            int code=response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();              //httpClient访问服务器返回的表头，包含http状态码，并得到状态码
            if (code==HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                HttpEntity entity=response.getEntity();
                InputStream is=entity.getContent();
                BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
                String line=br.readLine();
                while(line!=null){
                    System.out.println(line);
                    line=br.readLine();
                }
            }
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClientProtocolException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}
package com.baidu.url;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class HTTPSetDoGet {
    /***
     * 该方法是链接URL服务器利用，并用GET方法向服务器提交数据，设设置服务器接收数据后的读取方式为UTF-8
     * 返回的数据显示到客户端上
     * @param urlString     传入带有用户名和密码的URL
     */
    public void doGet(String urlString){
//      String urlString="http://localhost:8080/ElevenAugMyServer/MyServerLet?username=ni&password=123456";
        try {
            URL url=new URL(urlString);                                         //生成URL链接
            URLConnection urlConnection=url.openConnection();                   //打开URL链接
            HttpURLConnection httpConnection=(HttpURLConnection) urlConnection; //强制造型成为HttpURLConnection
            httpConnection.setRequestMethod("GET");                             //设置请求方法
            httpConnection.setConnectTimeout(3000);                             //设置链接超时时间
            httpConnection.setReadTimeout(3000);                                //读取时间超时
            // 设置接受的数据类型
            httpConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
            // 设置可以接受序列化的java对象
            httpConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            int code=httpConnection.getResponseCode();                          //获取HTTP状态码
            System.out.println("HTTP状态码"+code);
            if (code==HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                InputStream is=httpConnection.getInputStream();
                BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
                String line=br.readLine();
                while(line!=null){
                    System.out.println(line);
                    line=br.readLine();
                }
            }
        } catch (MalformedURLException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }catch(SocketTimeoutException e1){
            System.out.println("链接超时");
        } catch(ConnectException e1){
            System.out.println("服务器拒绝链接");
        }catch (IOException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}
package com.baidu.url;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.ConnectException;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.SocketTimeoutException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;

public class HTTPSetDoPost {
    /***
     * 该方法是打开URL连接到服务器，设置请求方式为POST，设置可读服务器返回的内容（默认为True）
     * 设置客户端可以向服务器提交数据，默认是false，post方法必须设置为true
     * 设置post方法不允许用缓存
     * @param params    传入字符串中包含用户名和密码
     */
    public void HTTPDoPost(String params){
        String urlString="http://localhost:8080/ElevenAugMyServer/MyServerLet";
        try {
            URL url=new URL(urlString);                                         //生成URL链接
            URLConnection urlConnection=url.openConnection();                   //打开URL链接
            HttpURLConnection httpConnection=(HttpURLConnection)urlConnection; //强制造型成为HttpURLConnection
            httpConnection.setConnectTimeout(30000);                            //设置链接超时时间
            httpConnection.setReadTimeout(30000);                               //读取时间超时
            // 设置接受的数据类型
            httpConnection.setRequestProperty("Accept-Charset", "utf-8");
            // 设置可以接受序列化的java对象
            httpConnection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
            httpConnection.setRequestMethod("POST");                            //设置请求方法
            httpConnection.setDoInput(true);                                    //设置可读取服务器返回的内容，默认为true
            //设置客户端可以向服务端提交数据，默认是false，post方法必须设置为true
            httpConnection.setDoOutput(true);                                   
            httpConnection.setUseCaches(false);                                 //post方法不允许用缓存
            httpConnection.getOutputStream().write(params.getBytes());
            int code=httpConnection.getResponseCode();                          //获取HTTP状态码
            System.out.println("HTTP状态码"+code);
            if (code==HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
                InputStream is=httpConnection.getInputStream();
                BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
                String line=br.readLine();
                while(line!=null){
                    System.out.println(line);
                    line=br.readLine();
                }
            }
        } catch (MalformedURLException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }catch(SocketTimeoutException e1){
            System.out.println("链接超时");
        } catch(ConnectException e1){
            System.out.println("服务器拒绝链接");
        }catch (IOException e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}