tomcat源码分析-server原理及其实现standardServer

理解思路

我们这里会讲解server.xml，

• 继承结构
  
  我们要从高一点的维度去理解Server的结构设计，我们看下server对应的server.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
//这里端口8005负责监听tomcat的关闭请求
<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">
//监听器相关
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />
  <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />
  -->
  <!-- APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />
  <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />
  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

 //service相关
  <Service name="Catalina">

   //连接器相关
    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
               connectionTimeout="20000"
               redirectPort="8443" />
  		
      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">
        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"
               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>
      </Realm>

      <Host name="localhost"  appBase="webapps"
            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />

      </Host>
    </Engine>
  </Service>
</Server>

server接口设计

public interface Server extends Lifecycle {

    // ------------------------------------------------------------- Properties

    /**
     * @return the global naming resources.
     */
    public NamingResourcesImpl getGlobalNamingResources();


    /**
     * Set the global naming resources.
     *
     * @param globalNamingResources The new global naming resources
     */
    public void setGlobalNamingResources
        (NamingResourcesImpl globalNamingResources);


    /**
     * @return the global naming resources context.
     */
    public javax.naming.Context getGlobalNamingContext();


    /**
     * @return the port number we listen to for shutdown commands.
     */
    public int getPort();


    /**
     * Set the port number we listen to for shutdown commands.
     *
     * @param port The new port number
     */
    public void setPort(int port);


    /**
     * @return the address on which we listen to for shutdown commands.
     */
    public String getAddress();


    /**
     * Set the address on which we listen to for shutdown commands.
     *
     * @param address The new address
     */
    public void setAddress(String address);


    /**
     * @return the shutdown command string we are waiting for.
     */
    public String getShutdown();


    /**
     * Set the shutdown command we are waiting for.
     *
     * @param shutdown The new shutdown command
     */
    public void setShutdown(String shutdown);


    /**
     * @return the parent class loader for this component. If not set, return
     * {@link #getCatalina()} {@link Catalina#getParentClassLoader()}. If
     * catalina has not been set, return the system class loader.
     */
    public ClassLoader getParentClassLoader();


    /**
     * Set the parent class loader for this server.
     *
     * @param parent The new parent class loader
     */
    public void setParentClassLoader(ClassLoader parent);


    /**
     * @return the outer Catalina startup/shutdown component if present.
     */
    public Catalina getCatalina();

    /**
     * Set the outer Catalina startup/shutdown component if present.
     *
     * @param catalina the outer Catalina component
     */
    public void setCatalina(Catalina catalina);


    /**
     * @return the configured base (instance) directory. Note that home and base
     * may be the same (and are by default). If this is not set the value
     * returned by {@link #getCatalinaHome()} will be used.
     */
    public File getCatalinaBase();

    /**
     * Set the configured base (instance) directory. Note that home and base
     * may be the same (and are by default).
     *
     * @param catalinaBase the configured base directory
     */
    public void setCatalinaBase(File catalinaBase);


    /**
     * @return the configured home (binary) directory. Note that home and base
     * may be the same (and are by default).
     */
    public File getCatalinaHome();

    /**
     * Set the configured home (binary) directory. Note that home and base
     * may be the same (and are by default).
     *
     * @param catalinaHome the configured home directory
     */
    public void setCatalinaHome(File catalinaHome);


    // --------------------------------------------------------- Public Methods


    /**
     * Add a new Service to the set of defined Services.
     *
     * @param service The Service to be added
     */
    public void addService(Service service);


    /**
     * Wait until a proper shutdown command is received, then return.
     */
    public void await();


    /**
     * Find the specified Service
     *
     * @param name Name of the Service to be returned
     * @return the specified Service, or <code>null</code> if none exists.
     */
    public Service findService(String name);


    /**
     * @return the set of Services defined within this Server.
     */
    public Service[] findServices();


    /**
     * Remove the specified Service from the set associated from this
     * Server.
     *
     * @param service The Service to be removed
     */
    public void removeService(Service service);


    /**
     * @return the token necessary for operations on the associated JNDI naming
     * context.
     */
    public Object getNamingToken();
}

可以看到这里都是一些正常的增删服务的接口

  @Override
    protected void initInternal() throws LifecycleException {

        super.initInternal();

        // Register global String cache
        // Note although the cache is global, if there are multiple Servers
        // present in the JVM (may happen when embedding) then the same cache
        // will be registered under multiple names
        onameStringCache = register(new StringCache(), "type=StringCache");

        // Register the MBeanFactory
        MBeanFactory factory = new MBeanFactory();
        factory.setContainer(this);
        onameMBeanFactory = register(factory, "type=MBeanFactory");

        // Register the naming resources
        globalNamingResources.init();

        // Populate the extension validator with JARs from common and shared
        // class loaders
        if (getCatalina() != null) {
            ClassLoader cl = getCatalina().getParentClassLoader();
            // Walk the class loader hierarchy. Stop at the system class loader.
            // This will add the shared (if present) and common class loaders
            while (cl != null && cl != ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader()) {
                if (cl instanceof URLClassLoader) {
                    URL[] urls = ((URLClassLoader) cl).getURLs();
                    for (URL url : urls) {
                        if (url.getProtocol().equals("file")) {
                            try {
                                File f = new File (url.toURI());
                                if (f.isFile() &&
                                        f.getName().endsWith(".jar")) {
                                    ExtensionValidator.addSystemResource(f);
                                }
                            } catch (URISyntaxException | IOException e) {
                                // Ignore
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                cl = cl.getParent();
            }
        }
        // Initialize our defined Services
        //初始化服务
        for (Service service : services) {
            service.init();
        }
    }

• 启动start

  @Override
  protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {

    fireLifecycleEvent(CONFIGURE_START_EVENT, null);
    //设置状态
    setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);
  
    globalNamingResources.start();
  
    // Start our defined Services
    synchronized (servicesLock) {
        for (Service service : services) {
       		 //服务启动
            service.start();
        }
    }
  

  }

@Override
    protected void startInternal() throws LifecycleException {

        if(log.isInfoEnabled()) {
            log.info(sm.getString("standardService.start.name", this.name));
        }
        //设置starting启动状态
        setState(LifecycleState.STARTING);

        // Start our defined Container first
        //启动执行引擎
        if (engine != null) {
            synchronized (engine) {
                engine.start();
            }
        }

        synchronized (executors) {
            for (Executor executor: executors) {
            //启动执行器
                executor.start();
            }
        }
		//启动listener
        mapperListener.start();

        // Start our defined Connectors second
        synchronized (connectorsLock) {
            for (Connector connector: connectors) {
                try {
                    // If it has already failed, don't try and start it
                    if (connector.getState() != LifecycleState.FAILED) {//启动连接器
                        connector.start();
                    }
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    log.error(sm.getString(
                            "standardService.connector.startFailed",
                            connector), e);
                }
            }
        }
    }

• await()

 @Override
    public void await() {
        // Negative values - don't wait on port - tomcat is embedded or we just don't like ports
        if (port == -2) {
            // undocumented yet - for embedding apps that are around, alive.
            return;
        }
        if (port==-1) {
            try {
            //当前主线程
                awaitThread = Thread.currentThread();
                while(!stopAwait) {
                    try {
                        Thread.sleep( 10000 );
                    } catch( InterruptedException ex ) {
                        // continue and check the flag
                    }
                }
            } finally {
                awaitThread = null;
            }
            return;
        }

        // Set up a server socket to wait on
        try {
        //建立serverSocket服务
            awaitSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 1,
                    InetAddress.getByName(address));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            log.error("StandardServer.await: create[" + address
                               + ":" + port
                               + "]: ", e);
            return;
        }

        try {
            awaitThread = Thread.currentThread();

            // Loop waiting for a connection and a valid command
            //此时进入循环
            while (!stopAwait) {
                ServerSocket serverSocket = awaitSocket;
                if (serverSocket == null) {
                    break;
                }

                // Wait for the next connection
                Socket socket = null;
                StringBuilder command = new StringBuilder();
                try {
                    InputStream stream;
                    long acceptStartTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
                    try {
                    //阻塞再这里，直到有客服端socket连接并发送命令
                        socket = serverSocket.accept();
                        socket.setSoTimeout(10 * 1000);  // Ten seconds
                        stream = socket.getInputStream();
                    } catch (SocketTimeoutException ste) {
                        // This should never happen but bug 56684 suggests that
                        // it does.
                        log.warn(sm.getString("standardServer.accept.timeout",
                                Long.valueOf(System.currentTimeMillis() - acceptStartTime)), ste);
                        continue;
                    } catch (AccessControlException ace) {
                        log.warn(sm.getString("standardServer.accept.security"), ace);
                        continue;
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        if (stopAwait) {
                            // Wait was aborted with socket.close()
                            break;
                        }
                        log.error(sm.getString("standardServer.accept.error"), e);
                        break;
                    }

                    // Read a set of characters from the socket
                    int expected = 1024; // Cut off to avoid DoS attack
                    while (expected < shutdown.length()) {
                        if (random == null) {
                            random = new Random();
                        }
                        expected += (random.nextInt() % 1024);
                    }
                    while (expected > 0) {
                        int ch = -1;
                        try {
                            ch = stream.read();
                        } catch (IOException e) {
                            log.warn(sm.getString("standardServer.accept.readError"), e);
                            ch = -1;
                        }
                        // Control character or EOF (-1) terminates loop
                        if (ch < 32 || ch == 127) {
                            break;
                        }
                        command.append((char) ch);
                        expected--;
                    }
                } finally {
                    // Close the socket now that we are done with it
                    try {
                        if (socket != null) {
                            socket.close();
                        }
                    } catch (IOException e) {
                        // Ignore
                    }
                }
		
                // Match against our command string
                //查看command命令是不是shutdown
                boolean match = command.toString().equals(shutdown);
                if (match) {
                    log.info(sm.getString("standardServer.shutdownViaPort"));
                    break;
                } else {
                    log.warn(sm.getString("standardServer.invalidShutdownCommand", command.toString()));
                }
            }
        } finally {
            ServerSocket serverSocket = awaitSocket;
            awaitThread = null;
            awaitSocket = null;
			//最后要关闭
            // Close the server socket and return
            if (serverSocket != null) {
                try {
                    serverSocket.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // Ignore
                }
            }
        }
    }

上面的方法中，启动了一个socket,同时再while循环里阻塞等待客户连接，这里阻塞的是主线程，主线程不执行完，那么默认启动的守护线程，就会一直执行，tomcat就不会退出；客户端连接了socket，并发送了shutdown后会跳出while(1) 循环，如下catalina会跳出await()方法,接着执行stop方法，整个tomcat执行stop方法，进而关闭退出tomcat。

public class Catalina{
  public void start() {
  		//省略方法
        //这里为true
        if (await) {
            await();
            stop();
        }
    }
}

• stopInternal方法

    @Override
    protected void stopInternal() throws LifecycleException {

        setState(LifecycleState.STOPPING);
        fireLifecycleEvent(CONFIGURE_STOP_EVENT, null);

        // Stop our defined Services
        //先结束子组件的生命周期，这里体现了父组件管理子组件的思想
        for (Service service : services) {
            service.stop();
        }

        globalNamingResources.stop();
		//结束自己
        stopAwait();
    }

• stopAwait

  public void stopAwait() {
        stopAwait=true;
        Thread t = awaitThread;
        //如果主线程还在
        if (t != null) {
            ServerSocket s = awaitSocket;
            //如果服务端socket还在
            if (s != null) {
                awaitSocket = null;
                try {
                     //关闭socket
                    s.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    // Ignored
                }
            }
            //给线程设置中断标志
            t.interrupt();
            try {
            //等待主线程
                t.join(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                // Ignored
            }
        }
    }

总结：总体来讲server有几个特性：
1.阻塞主线程，通过建立socket阻塞住主线程；
2.管理子组件service的生命周期；
3.生命周期的每个过程都会发送事件给监听者

已经12点半了，要睡了，最近一个月打算把tomcat源码分析完，给自己打打气加油！