SSE长连接( SpringBoot整合SSE(Server-Sent Events)可以实现后端主动向前端推送数据)

本文详细介绍了如何在SpringBoot项目中使用SSE(Server-SentEvents)实现后端与前端的实时通信,包括创建SSE连接、前端接收数据以及后端服务的实现。同时展示了如何通过定时任务定期发送消息到客户端。
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Demo代码分享

依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.7</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>demo</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <mybatis-plus.version>3.5.2</mybatis-plus.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>

        <!-- test -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <excludes>
                        <exclude>
                            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
                            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
                        </exclude>
                    </excludes>
                </configuration>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>



后端接收sse连接

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/sse")
public class IndexController {
    /**
     * 创建SSE连接
     *
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(path = "/connect")
    public SseEmitter sse() {
        SseEmitter sseEmitter = new SseEmitter();

        // 发送一个注释,响应前端请求
        sseEmitter.send(SseEmitter.event().comment("welcome"));
        return sseEmitter;
    }
}


前端浏览器代码

// 连接服务器
var sseSource = new EventSource("http://localhost:8080/sse/connect");

// 连接打开
sseSource.onopen = function () {
    console.log("连接打开");
}

// 连接错误
sseSource.onerror = function (err) {
    console.log("连接错误:", err);
}

// 接收到数据
sseSource.onmessage = function (event) {
    console.log("接收到数据:", event);
    handleReceiveData(JSON.parse(event.data))
}

定义一个返回数据 Message.java

package com.example.demo.entity;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class Message {
    private String data;
    private Integer total;
}


定义sse接口 SseService.java

package com.example.demo.service;

import com.example.demo.entity.Message;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SseEmitter;

public interface SseService {
    SseEmitter connect(String uuid);

    void sendMessage(Message message);
}


实现sse接口 SseServiceImpl.java

package com.example.demo.service.impl;

import com.example.demo.entity.Message;
import com.example.demo.service.SseService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SseEmitter;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;

@Slf4j
@Service
public class SseServiceImpl implements SseService {
    /**
     * messageId的 SseEmitter对象映射集
     */
    private static Map<String, SseEmitter> sseEmitterMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();

    /**
     * 连接sse
     * @param uuid
     * @return
     */
    @Override
    public SseEmitter connect(String uuid) {
        SseEmitter sseEmitter = new SseEmitter();

        // 连接成功需要返回数据,否则会出现待处理状态
        try {
            sseEmitter.send(SseEmitter.event().comment("welcome"));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        // 连接断开
        sseEmitter.onCompletion(() -> {
            sseEmitterMap.remove(uuid);
        });

        // 连接超时
        sseEmitter.onTimeout(() -> {
            sseEmitterMap.remove(uuid);
        });

        // 连接报错
        sseEmitter.onError((throwable) -> {
            sseEmitterMap.remove(uuid);
        });

        sseEmitterMap.put(uuid, sseEmitter);

        return sseEmitter;
    }

    /**
     * 发送消息
     * @param message
     */
    @Override
    public void sendMessage(Message message) {
        message.setTotal(sseEmitterMap.size());

        sseEmitterMap.forEach((uuid, sseEmitter) -> {
            try {
                sseEmitter.send(message, MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        });
    }
}


定时任务 SendMessageTask.java

package com.example.demo.task;


import com.example.demo.entity.Message;
import com.example.demo.service.SseService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;

import java.time.LocalDateTime;
import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter;

@Configuration
public class SendMessageTask {
    @Autowired
    private SseService sseService;

    /**
     * 定时执行 秒 分 时 日 月 周
     */
    @Scheduled(cron = "*/5 * * * * *")  // 间隔5秒
    public void sendMessageTask() {
        Message message = new Message();
        DateTimeFormatter format = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
        message.setData(LocalDateTime.now().format(format));
        sseService.sendMessage(message);
    }
}


前端路由 IndexController.java

package com.example.demo.controller;

import com.example.demo.entity.Message;
import com.example.demo.service.SseService;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.SseEmitter;

import java.util.UUID;

@Slf4j
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/sse")
public class IndexController {

    @Autowired
    private SseService sseService;

    /**
     * 首页
     *
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping("/")
    public String index() {
        return "index";
    }

    /**
     * 创建SSE连接
     *
     * @return
     */
    @GetMapping(path = "/connect", produces = MediaType.TEXT_EVENT_STREAM_VALUE)
    public SseEmitter sse() {
        String uuid = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        log.info("新用户连接:{}", uuid);
        return sseService.connect(uuid);
    }

    /**
     * 广播消息
     *
     * @param message
     */
    @PostMapping("/sendMessage")
    @ResponseBody
    public void sendMessage(@RequestBody Message message) {
        sseService.sendMessage(message);
    }
}


这里简单是用Apifox测试了一下的效果
在这里插入图片描述

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在Java中实现server-sent events,可以使用Servlet 3.0规范中的异步支持。具体步骤如下: 1. 在Servlet中启用异步支持 ```java @WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/sse", asyncSupported = true) public class SseServlet extends HttpServlet { // ... } ``` 2. 获取AsyncContext对象 ```java protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { AsyncContext asyncContext = request.startAsync(); // ... } ``` 3. 设置响应的Content-Type为text/event-stream ```java response.setContentType("text/event-stream"); ``` 4. 通过AsyncContext对象获取响应的输出流,实现数据推送 ```java PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.write("data: Hello\n\n"); out.flush(); ``` 5. 通过AsyncContext对象设置超时时间和完成回调函数 ```java asyncContext.setTimeout(0); // 禁用超时 asyncContext.addListener(new AsyncListener() { @Override public void onComplete(AsyncEvent event) throws IOException { // 关闭输出流等资源 } // 其他回调函数 }); ``` 完整示例代码如下: ```java @WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/sse", asyncSupported = true) public class SseServlet extends HttpServlet { @Override protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException { AsyncContext asyncContext = request.startAsync(); response.setContentType("text/event-stream"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); asyncContext.setTimeout(0); // 禁用超时 asyncContext.addListener(new AsyncListener() { @Override public void onComplete(AsyncEvent event) throws IOException { out.close(); } @Override public void onTimeout(AsyncEvent event) throws IOException { out.close(); } // 其他回调函数 }); while (true) { out.write("data: Hello\n\n"); out.flush(); try { Thread.sleep(1000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { break; } } } } ``` 上述代码中的while循环可以替换成其他的数据推送逻辑。需要注意的是,由于server-sent events协议是基于HTTP的长连接,因此需要在客户端实现相应的事件监听和重连机制。
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