Runtime应用之归档 , KVC , 分类添加属性

1.归档中用到的Runtime,类的属性较多的时候用着比较方便,不用写那么多代码

#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
@interface Person : NSObject<NSCoding>
@property (nonatomic ,assign)CGFloat height;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSNumber *age;
@property (nonatomic, assign) int no;
@end

#import "Person.h"
#import <objc/message.h>
#import <objc/runtime.h>
@implementation Person

-(void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)encoder
{
    unsigned int count = 0;
    Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([Person class], &count);

    for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) {

        // 取出i位置对应的成员变量
        Ivar ivar = ivars[i];

        // 查看成员变量
        const char *name = ivar_getName(ivar);

        // 归档
        NSString *key = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];
        id value = [self valueForKey:key];
        [encoder encodeObject:value forKey:key];
    }

}

-(instancetype)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)decoder
{
    if (self = [super init]) {

        unsigned int count = 0;
        Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([Person class], &count);

        for (int i = 0; i<count; i++) {
            // 取出i位置对应的成员变量
            Ivar ivar = ivars[i];

            // 查看成员变量
            const char *name = ivar_getName(ivar);

            // 归档
            NSString *key = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:name];
            id value = [decoder decodeObjectForKey:key];

            // 设置到成员变量身上
            [self setValue:value forKey:key];
        }
    } 
    return self; 
}

@end

存储文件

    //1.创建对象
        Person *p=[[Person alloc]init];
        p.name=@"??????";
        p.age=@23;
        p.height = 1.7;
    //2.获取文件路径
        NSString *docPath=[NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES)lastObject];
        NSString *path=[docPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"person"];
        NSLog(@"path=%@",path);
    //3.将自定义的对象保存到文件中
       [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:p toFile:path];

读取文件

//1.获取文件路径
        NSString *docPath=[NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory, NSUserDomainMask, YES)lastObject];
        NSString *path=[docPath stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"person"];
        NSLog(@"path=%@",path);

    //2.从文件中读取对象
         Person *p=[NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:path];

2.KVC与归档其实用到Runtime的方法是一样的
两者都是用 Ivar *ivars = class_copyIvarList([Person class], &count);的方法,获取成员变量,
但是还是不建议使用Runtime 获取成员变量 然后在setValue影响性能.

3.分类添加属性
Category

• 用于给class及其subclass添加新的方法

• 有自己单独的 .h 和 .m 文件

• 用于添加新方法，而不能添加新属性（property）

可以用Runtime动态添加属性,下面两种形式都可以为person 添加属性

#import "Person.h"

@interface Person (sex)
@property (nonatomic, strong) NSString *property;

@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *str;
- (void)nishi;
@end

#import "Person+sex.h"
#import <objc/runtime.h>
static char strKey;
@implementation Person (sex)

- (NSObject *)property {
    return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, @selector(property));
}

- (void)setProperty:(NSString *)property {
    objc_setAssociatedObject(self, @selector(property), property, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_RETAIN_NONATOMIC);
}


-(void)setStr:(NSString *)str
{
    objc_setAssociatedObject(self, &strKey, str, OBJC_ASSOCIATION_COPY);
}

-(NSString *)str
{
    return objc_getAssociatedObject(self, &strKey);
}
- (void)nishi{

}
@end

注意:(不知道为什么在分类中添加的方法,打印的时候的确是看到添加进去了,但是在用

Ivar *vars = class_copyIvarList([p class], &outCount);

获取成员变量列表的时候,获取不到增加的使用,所以这两种方法在同时使用的时候要注意,但是添加的方法可以打印出来);

unsigned int outCount = 0;
    Ivar *vars = class_copyIvarList([p class], &outCount); 

// 遍历所有的成员变量
    for (int i = 0; i < outCount; i++) {
        Ivar ivar = vars[i]; // 取出第i个位置的成员变量

        const char *propertyName = ivar_getName(ivar); // 获取变量名
        const char *propertyType = ivar_getTypeEncoding(ivar); // 获取变量编码类型
        printf("---%s--%s\n", propertyName, propertyType);
    }

 unsigned int numIvars = 0;
     Method *meth = class_copyMethodList([Person class], &numIvars);
    for(int i = 0; i < numIvars; i++) {
        Method thisIvar = meth[i];

        SEL sel = method_getName(thisIvar);
        const char *name = sel_getName(sel);

        NSLog(@"zp method :%s", name);

    }