Springboot系列--简单的配置实现数据库读写分离

1 配置文件

#多数据源
datasource:
  #从库数量
  readSize: 2
  # 使用druid数据源
  type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
  #主库
  master:
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/master?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: xxx
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    filters: stat
    maxActive: 20
    initialSize: 1
    maxWait: 60000
    minIdle: 1
    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
    minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
    validationQueryTimeout: 900000
    validationQuery: SELECT 1
    testWhileIdle: true
    testOnBorrow: false
    testOnReturn: false
    poolPreparedStatements: true
    maxOpenPreparedStatements: 20
  slave:
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/slave?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
    username: root
    password: xxx
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    filters: stat
    maxActive: 20
    initialSize: 1
    maxWait: 60000
    minIdle: 1
    timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
    minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 300000
    validationQueryTimeout: 900000
    validationQuery: SELECT 1
    testWhileIdle: true
    testOnBorrow: false
    testOnReturn: false
    poolPreparedStatements: true
    maxOpenPreparedStatements: 20

这里我只配置了一个主库和一个从库，你也可以配置多个从库，根据你自己项目需求来。

2 DataSourceConfig

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {
    @Value("${datasource.type}")
    private Class<? extends DataSource> dataSourceType;
 
 
    @Bean(name = "masterDataSource")
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "datasource.master")
    public DataSource masterDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().type(dataSourceType).build();
    }
 
 
    @Bean(name = "slaveDataSource")
    @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "datasource.slave")
    public DataSource slaveDataSource() {
        return DataSourceBuilder.create().type(dataSourceType).build();
    }
 
    //动态数据源
    @Bean(name = "dynamicDataSource")
    //解决互相依赖关系
    @DependsOn({ "masterDataSource", "slaveDataSource"})
    @Primary
    public DataSource getDataSource() {
        DynamicDataSource dataSource = new DynamicDataSource();
        dataSource.setTargetDataSources(targetDataSources());
        return dataSource;
    }
 
    private Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources() {
        Map<Object, Object> targetDataSources = new HashMap<>();
        targetDataSources.put(DataSourceType.MASTER.getType(), masterDataSource());
        targetDataSources.put(DataSourceType.SLAVE.getType(), slaveDataSource());
        return targetDataSources;
    }
}

3 主从库枚举

public enum DataSourceType {
    SLAVE("slave", "从库"),
    MASTER("master", "主库");
 
    private String type;
    private String name;
 
    DataSourceType(String type, String name) {
        this.type = type;
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    public String getType() {
        return type;
    }
 
    public void setType(String type) {
        this.type = type;
    }
 
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
 
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
}

4 通过继承AbstractRoutingDataSource实现其动态选择数据源

import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;
 
public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource {
 
    @Override
    protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
        if (DynamicDataSourceHolder.getDataSouce() != null) {
            return DynamicDataSourceHolder.getDataSouce();
        }
        return DataSourceType.MASTER.getType();
    }
}

5 设置本地线程全局变量,保证线程安全

public class DynamicDataSourceHolder {
 
    private static final ThreadLocal<String> holder = new ThreadLocal<>();
 
    public static void putDataSource(DataSourceType dataSourceType) {
        holder.set(dataSourceType.getType());
    }
 
    public static String getDataSouce() {
        return holder.get();
    }
}

6 自定义注解

import java.lang.annotation.*;
 
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Documented
@Inherited
public @interface DataSource {
 
    /**
     * 数据库路由
     */
    DataSourceType value() default DataSourceType.MASTER;
}

7 AOP进行动态数据源操作

这个是核心，处理读写分离和自定义注解

ps:我写了两个类切面，DataSourcePartAspect 这个先执行，默认mapper有select，query的走从库 ;delete,update,insert走主库

DataSourceAspect后执行，也就是注解的优先级高于前面的默认的，保证注解优先。

@Aspect
@Component
@Order(-1)
@Slf4j
public class DataSourcePartAspect {
    /**
     * mapper 查询操作默认使用从库
     */
    @Before("execution(* com..service..*.select*(..)) || execution(* com..service..*.get*(..))|| execution(* com..service..*.query*(..))")
    public void setReadDataSourceType() {
        DynamicDataSourceHolder.putDataSource(DataSourceType.SLAVE);
        log.info("dataSource 切换到：{}",DataSourceType.SLAVE.getName());
    }
 
    /**
     * mapper 修改删除操作默认使用主库库
     */
    @Before("execution(* com..service..*.insert*(..)) || execution(* com..service..*.update*(..)) || execution(* com..service..*.delete*(..))")
    public void setWriteDataSourceType() {
        DynamicDataSourceHolder.putDataSource(DataSourceType.MASTER);
        log.info("dataSource 切换到：{}",DataSourceType.MASTER.getName());
    }
 
}

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
 
@Aspect
@Component
@Order(0)
@Slf4j
public class DataSourceAspect{
 
    /**
     * 注解方式
     * @param joinPoint
     * @param dataSource
     */
    @Before(value = "@annotation(dataSource)")
    public void dataSourcePoint(JoinPoint joinPoint, DataSource dataSource) {
        DynamicDataSourceHolder.putDataSource(dataSource.value());
    }
 
    
}

@Component
public class TestService{
 
    @Autowired
    private SourceMapper sourceMapper;
 
    @DataSource(DataSourceType.MASTER)
    public String save() {
        System.out.println(this.sourceMapper.deleteByPrimaryKey("1"));
        return null;
    }
 
    //没有注解默认走主库
    //@DataSource(DataSourceType.SLAVE)
    public String query() {
        System.out.println("查询结果：" + JSONObject.toJSONString(this.sourceMapper.selectByPrimaryKey("1")));
        return null;
    }
}