Spring的三种装配Bean

在Spring中，对象无需自己查找或创建与其关联的其他对象。相反，容器负责把需要相互协作的对象引用赋予各个对象。

创建应用对象之间的协作关系的行为通常称为装配，这也是依赖注入的本质。

Spring的三种装配Bean的方式

• 在xml中进行显式配置
• 在Java中进行显式配置
• 隐式的Bean发现机制和自动装配

1、自动化装配Bean

• Spring从两个角度来实现自动化装配
  
  1. 组件扫描：Spring会自动发现应用上下文中所创建的Bean
  2. 自动装配：Spring自动满足Bean之间的依赖

通过Component注解标记类

package com.wj.demo1;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class FootballGamesImpl {

    public void play() {
        System.out.println("我爱踢足球");
    }
}

配置启动组件扫描

配置启动组件扫描有两种方式，一种是Java代码配置启动组件扫描，一种是xml配置启动组件扫描

第一种方式：Java代码配置启动组件扫描

package com.wj.demo1;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
/**
* Java代码配置组件扫描
*ComponentScan 自定扫描组件的范围，不设置默认当前类的包以及子包，设置会扫描指d定类
*Configuration 指定为某个类配置
*/
@ComponentScan
@Configuration
public class Config {

}

第二种方式：xml配置启动组件扫描

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!--Spring xml配置启动组件扫描-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.wj.demo1"/>
</beans>

两种方式几乎功能差不多，一般情况下，推荐使用Java代码配置启动组件扫描

测试

package com.wj.demo1;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = Config.class)
public class TestDemo {

    @Autowired//自动装配，查找容器中满足条件的Bean，注入
    private FootballGamesImpl footballGames;

    @Test
    public void testDemo1(){
        footballGames.play();
    }

}

2、在Java中进行显式配置装配Bean

创建Football这个bean类

package com.wj.demo2;

public class Football {

    public void play() {
        System.out.println("我爱踢足球");
    }

}

Java显示配置

package com.wj.demo2;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class Config {

    @Bean
    public Football football(){
        return new Football();
    }

}

测试

package com.wj.demo2;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = Config.class)
public class TestDemo {

    @Autowired
    private Football football;

    @Test
    public void testDemo1(){
        football.play();
    }

}

3、通过XML进行显示配置装配Bean

实例

package com.wj.demo3;

public class Football {

    public void play() {
        System.out.println("我爱踢足球");
    }
}

xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="football" class="com.wj.demo3.Football"></bean>
</beans>

搭配Java配置

package com.wj.demo3;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;

@Configuration
@ImportResource("com/wj/demo3/xml-spring.xml")
public class Config {
}

测试

package com.wj.demo3;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(classes = Config.class)
public class TestDemo {

    @Autowired
    private Football football;

    @Test
    public void testDemo1(){
        football.play();
    }
}