python-高级函数补充

补充几个高级函数

zip

• 把两个可迭代的内容生成一个可迭代的tuple元素类型组成的内容

    # zip案例
    l1 = [1,2,3,4,5]
    l2 = [11,22,33,44,55]
    z = zip(l1,l2)
    print(type(z))
    print(z)
    for  i  in  z:
    	print(i)
  
    # zip案例2
    l1  =  ["wangwang","mingyue","yyt"]
    l2  =  [12,99,38]
    z  =  zip(l1,l2)
    for  i  in  z:
    	print(i)
  

enumerate

• 跟zip功能比较像

• 对可迭代对象里的每一个元素，配上一个索引，然后索引和内容构成tuple类型

    # enumerate案例
    l1  =  [11,22,33,44,55]
    em  =  enumerate(l1)
    l2  =  [i  for  i  in  em]
    print(l2)
  
    #enumerate案例
    em  =  enumerate(l1, start = 100)
    l2  =  [i  for  i  in  em]
    print（l2）
  

collections模块

• namedtuple
• deque

namedtuple

• tuple类型

• 是一个可命名的tuple

    import  collections
    Point  =  collections.namedtuple("Point",['x','y'])
    p  =  Point(11, 22)
    print(p.x)
    print（p[0])
  
    Circle  =  collections.nametuple("Circle",['x', 'y', 'r'])
    c  =  Circle(100, 150, 50)
    print(c)
    print(type(c))
    #想检测以下nametupled到底属于谁的子类
    isinstance(c, tuple)
  

deque

• 比较方便的解决了频繁删除插入带来的效率问题

    from  collections  import  deque
    q  =  deque(['a', 'b', 'c'])
    print(q)
    q.append("d")
    print(q)
    q.appendleft('x')
    print(q)
  

defaultdict

• 当直接读取dict不存在的属性时，直接返回默认值

     from  collections  import  defaultdict
     # lambda表达式，直接返回字符串
     func  =  lambda: "刘大拿"
     #若调用dict中不存在的值，回调用lambda函数，返回函数值
     d2  =  defaultdict(func)
     d2["one"]  =  1
     d2["two"]  =  2
     print(d2['one'])
     print(d2['four'])
  

Counter

• 统计字符串个数

    from  collections  import  Counter
    #为什么下面结果不把abcdefgabcdeabcdabcaba作为键值，而是以其中一个字母作为键值
    #需要括号里内容为可迭代
    c  =  Counter("abcdefgabcdeabcdabcaba")
    print(c)
  
    s  =  ["liudana", "love" , "love", "love", "love", "wangxiaona"]
    c  =  Counter(s)
    print(c)