RedHat EL4.0(X86) + Oracle9iR2 服务器安装说明

RedHat EL4.0(X86) + Oracle9iR2 服务器安装说明

使用说明
本文介绍在RedHat EL4.0(X86) 安装 Oracle9iR2 数据库。
安装环境
操作系统：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server 4 (Kernel 2.6.9-5.ELsmp , glibc-2.3.4-2)
软件：Oracle9i (版本号：9.2.0.4)

安装RHEL4注意
  安装RPM时候，选定义。
  Application   
   Servers 
   Web Server      X
   FTP Server      OK!
   legacy Network Server   OK!
   
   Development   
    Development Tools    OK!
    Legacy Software Development OK!
    
0. 准备oracle9i安装文件和补丁包，拷贝到/tmp目录下。
 ship_9204_linux_disk1.cpio.gz
 ship_9204_linux_disk2.cpio.gz
 ship_9204_linux_disk3.cpio.gz
 p4198954_21_linux.zip
 p2617419_220_GENERIC.zip
 p3238244_9204_LINUX.zip

1.安装RPM包(最后两个由Oralce补丁p4198954_21_linux.zip解压产生)    
 rpm -ivh sysstat-5.0.5-1.i386.rpm       disk4
 rpm -ivh openmotif21-2.1.30-11.RHEL4.2.i386.rpm    disk3
 rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.102-1.i386.rpm       disk3
 rpm -ivh libaio-devel-0.3.102-1.i386.rpm     disk3
 rpm -ivh freetype-devel-2.1.9-1.i386.rpm     disk3
 rpm -ivh fontconfig-devel-2.2.3-7.i386.rpm     disk3
 rpm -ivh xorg-x11-devel-6.8.1-23.EL.i386.rpm    disk3
 rpm -ivh xorg-x11-deprecated-libs-devel-6.8.1-23.EL.i386.rpm disk3
 rpm -ivh glib-devel-1.2.10-15.i386.rpm      disk4
 rpm -ivh ORBit-devel-0.5.17-14.i386.rpm      disk4
 rpm -ivh gtk+-devel-1.2.10-33.i386.rpm      disk4
 rpm -ivh alsa-lib-devel-1.0.6-4.i386.rpm     disk3
 rpm -ivh audiofile-devel-0.2.6-1.i386.rpm     disk3
 rpm -ivh esound-devel-0.2.35-2.i386.rpm      disk3
 rpm -ivh libjpeg-devel-6b-33.i386.rpm      disk3
 rpm -ivh libtiff-devel-3.6.1-7.i386.rpm      disk3
 rpm -ivh libungif-devel-4.1.3-1.i386.rpm     disk3
 rpm -ivh imlib-devel-1.9.13-23.i386.rpm      disk3
 rpm -ivh gnome-libs-devel-1.4.1.2.90-44.1.i386.rpm   disk4
 rpm -ivh compat-oracle-rhel4-1.0-5.i386.rpm     (p4198954_21_linux.zip)
 rpm -ivh compat-libcwait-2.0-2.i386.rpm        (p4198954_21_linux.zip)

2. 新建oracle 用户和用户组
  groupadd dba
  groupadd oinstall
  useradd oracle -g oinstall -G dba
  cd /opt
  mkdir app
  cd app
  mkdir oracle
  cd oracle
  mkdir product
  cd product
  mkdir 9.2.0
  cd /opt
  chown -R oracle.dba /opt
  chown -R oracle.dba /ora_data
  chmod 755 /opt
 
3.解压Oracle安装文件。 
  zcat ship_9204_linux_disk1.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv
  zcat ship_9204_linux_disk2.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv
  zcat ship_9204_linux_disk3.cpio.gz | cpio -idmv
   
4.设置Shared Memory
# echo 250 32000 100 128 > /proc/sys/kernel/sem
# echo 2147483648 > /proc/sys/kernel/shmmax

   修改配置文件# vi /etc/sysctl.conf，添加
# Set oracle environment variable
net.core.rmem_max=262144
net.core.wmem_max=262144
kernel.shmmax=2147483648
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
#vm.pagecache=1  15 15
#fs.aio-max-size=2147483648
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=1024  65000

   退出后运行# /sbin/sysctl -p
  
5.修改#vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile文件，添加
# +------------------------------------------------------------+
# | FILE : .bash_profile |
# +------------------------------------------------------------+

umask 022

# +--------------------------+
# | SETUP ORACLE ENVIRONMENT |
# +--------------------------+
# Set the LD_ASSUME_KERNEL environment variable only for Red Hat 9 and
# for Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server 3 (RHEL AS 3) !!
# Use the "Linuxthreads with floating stacks" implementation instead of NPTL:
export LD_ASSUME_KERNEL=2.4.19

export ORACLE_SID=test
export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/app/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/9.2.0

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib:/usr/local/lib
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.zhs16gbk
export ORA_NLS33=$ORACLE_HOME/ocommon/nls/admin/data

export ORACLE_OWNER=oracle
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm

# +--------------------------+
# | LINUX STUFF |
# +--------------------------+

# +--------------------------+
# | SETUP SEARCH PATH |
# +--------------------------+

export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin

# +--------------------------+
# | SETUP JAVA ENVIRONMENT |
# +--------------------------+

# +-------------+
# | "GREETINGS" |
# +-------------+

#./lowermap
#ulimit -n 63536
#ulimit -u 16384
echo ".bash_profile executed"  

6. 修改#vi /etc/security/limits.conf文件，添加：
oracle           soft    nofile          4096
oracle           hard    nofile          63536
oracle           soft    nproc          2047
oracle           hard    nproc          16384

7. 下面是安装数据库的主要几个步骤(用oracle用户登陆)：
 su - oracle
 $ source .bash_profile
 .bash_profile executed
 $ cd /tmp
 $ cd Disk1/
 $ ./runInstaller

 - Welcome Screen:       Click Next
 - Inventory Location:   Click Next
 - Unix Group Name:      Use "oinstall" and click Next
                         When asked to run /tmp/orainstRoot.sh, run it before you click Continue
 - At the end of the installation, exit runInstaller.
 
8. 下面是打Agent补丁. 包括安装p3238244_9204_LINUX.zip补丁和opatch软件包：p2617419_220_GENERIC.zip。
 su - oracle
 $ cp p2617419_210_GENERIC.zip /tmp
 $ cd /tmp
 $ unzip p2617419_210_GENERIC.zip
 $ export PATH=$PATH:/tmp/OPatch
 $ export PATH=$PATH:/sbin # the patch needs "fuser" which is located in /sbin
 $ chmod 777 /tmp/OPatch/opatch
 $ unzip p3238244_9204_LINUX.zip
 $ cd 3238244
 $ opatch apply
 
 $ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/lib
 $ make -f ins_oemagent.mk install
 
9. 配置开机后自启动脚本。Oralce不建议开机后自动启动:(
    修改#vi /etc/rc.local文件添加

 touch /var/lock/subsys/local
 umount /dev/shm
 mount -t ramfs ramfs /dev/shm
 chown oracle:dba /dev/shm
 /sbin/insmod hangcheck-timer hangcheck_tick=30 hangcheck_margin=180

    #start  Oracle8i
    su - oracle -c 'dbstart'
    su - oracle -c 'lsnrctl start'
   
 修改 #vi /etc/oratab文件,N修改为Y
 test:/opt/app/oracle/product/9.2.0:Y
 
 拷贝pfile文件到$ORACLE_HOME/dbs目录，pfile文件生产spfile.
 #cp $ORACLE_BASE/admin/jcd/pfile/inittest.ora* $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/inittest.ora
 
 修改#vi /etc/cron.daily/slocate.cron文件。屏蔽nightly slocate cron job
#!/bin/sh
#. /etc/updatedb.conf
#[ "$DAILY_UPDATE" != "yes" ] && exit 0
#renice +19 -p $$ >/dev/null 2>&1
#/usr/bin/updatedb 
 
10.  扩展SGA到2.7G(可选)。
su - oracle
shutdown

    % cd $ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/lib    
    % cp ksms.s ksms.s_orig       ....if ksms.s exists, back it up first.    
    % genksms -s 0x15000000 > ksms.s            ...you may be able to use a lower value like 0x12000000, but this will        require thorough testing.    
    % make -f ins_rdbms.mk ksms.o     
    % make -f ins_rdbms.mk ioracle        
 
 startup pfile=/opt/app/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/initjcd.ora
 create spfile from pfile='/opt/app/oracle/product/9.2.0/dbs/initjcd.ora'; 

11. Patching Oracle9i R2 (9.2.0.4) on RH AS 4(
     9.2.0.4 Required
     9.2.0.5 Skipped
     9.2.0.6 patches needed for EMT64T 4261532 & 4233179)

Download the patch 3948480 (Oracle9i Patch Set Release 2 (9.2.0.6) Patch Set 5) from http://metalink.oracle.com and execute the following commands:
su - oracle
$ cp p3948480_9206_LINUX.zip /tmp
$ cd /tmp
$ unzip p3948480_9206_LINUX.zip
Archive:  p3948480_9206_LINUX.zip
   creating: Disk1/
   creating: Disk1/stage/
   creating: Disk1/stage/Patches/
...

Now download the patch 4188455 from http://metalink.oracle.com.
This patch is needed for launching the runInstaller that came with the patch 3948480 we just downloaded above.
su - oracle
$ cp p4188455_10103_LINUX.zip /tmp
$ cd /tmp
$ unzip p4188455_10103_LINUX.zip
Archive:  p4188455_10103_LINUX.zip
  inflating: oraparam.ini
  inflating: README.txt
$

The /tmp/oraparam.ini file will now be used for launching the runInstaller that came with the patch 3948480.

To patch the runInstaller itself, run:
su - oracle
$ echo $LD_ASSUME_KERNEL
2.4.19
$ /tmp/Disk1/install/runInstaller -paramFile /tmp/oraparam.ini

 - Welcome Screen:       Click Next
 - File Locations:       Use default values (in my example: /tmp/Disk1/stage/products.xml)
 - Available Products:   Select "Oracle Universial Installer 10.1.0.3.0 !"
 - Summary:              Click Install
 - At the end of the installation, you must exit runInstaller!

Ensure that no Oracle processes are running:
ps -ef | grep ora

Now to patch Oracle9iR2, run:
su - oracle
$ echo $LD_ASSUME_KERNEL    # it is important that this variable is set!
2.4.19
$ /tmp/Disk1/install/runInstaller -paramFile /tmp/oraparam.ini

 - Welcome Screen:       Click Next
 - File Locations:       Use default values (in my example: /tmp/Disk1/stage/products.xml)
 - Available Products:   Select "Oracle 9iR2 Patchset 9.2.0.6.0"
 - Summary:              Click Install
                         When are asked to run root.sh, run it before you click Continue
 - At the end of the installation, exit runInstaller.

After the 9.2.0.6 patchset has been applied, download the patch 4190568 from http://metalink.oracle.com. Also, download the opatch utility for release 10.1.0.2 (patch 2617419) from http://metalink.oracle.com.

To install opatch, run:
su - oracle
$ cp p2617419_10102_GENERIC.zip /tmp
$ cd /tmp
$ unzip p2617419_10102_GENERIC.zip
$ cp -a /tmp/OPatch/ $ORACLE_HOME

To apply the 4190568 patch, run
su - oracle
$ unzip p4190568_9206_LINUX.zip
$ cd 4193454
$ export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
$ opatch apply

If you intend to use Direct I/O Support, you must also download and apply patch 2448994.

Now you should be able to create a database with dbca:
su - oracle
dbca

When dbca died on my system with the following error:
/u01/app/oracle/product/9.2.0/bin/dbca: line 124: 26649 Segmentation fault     
$JRE_DIR/bin/jre -DORACLE_HOME=$OH -DJDBC_PROTOCOL=thin -mx64m -classpath $CLASSPATH oracle.sysman.assistants.dbca.Dbca $ARGUMENTS

I executed the following command:
su - root
touch /etc/rac_on