Springmvc拦截器（interceptor）和过滤器区别、拦截器链演示

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-28 23:59:13 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-28 23:59:13 发布

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在这里插入图片描述

首先新建一个maven无骨架项目
pom.xml：

注意javax.servlet.jsp-api别写错

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>cn.itcast</groupId>
    <artifactId>Springmvc_day2inception</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>war</packaging>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.13.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.2.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.4.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.1</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
            <version>2.6</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
            <version>5.0.3.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>jstl</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
    </dependency>

    </dependencies>
    
</project>

web.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd">
<web-app>
    
    <!--配置SpringMVC的前端控制器-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <!--contextConfigLocation是随便起的-->
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>DispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
</web-app>

下面正式步骤，上面一般都是这样配的：

① 创建拦截器类实现HandlerInterceptor接口

新建一个MyInterceptor1普通java类：

package cn.itcast.interceptor;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * @author QLBF
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2021/1/21 9:42
 */
public class MyInterceptor1 implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //在目标方法执行之前 执行，就是执行你在浏览器输入的url之前执行
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandle...");
        String param = request.getParameter("param");
        //这里设置要请求的方法要携带?param="yes"才被放行
        if ("yes".equals(param)){
            return true; //返回true代表放行,目标方法才会被执行
        }else {
            request.getRequestDispatcher("/error.jsp").forward(request,response); //这里是不放行就转发到error.jsp
            return false; //返回false代表不放行，目标方法不会被执行
        }
    }

    //在目标方法执行之后 视图对象返回之前执行
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        modelAndView.addObject("name","xiugai:iteima"); //这里可以设置它的值
        System.out.println("postHandle...");
    }

    //在流程都执行完毕后 执行
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion...");
    }
}

② 配置拦截器：

在这里插入图片描述

新建spring-mvc.xml：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">


    <!--1、mvc注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!--2、配置视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--3、静态资源权限开放-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler></mvc:default-servlet-handler>

    <!--4、组件扫描  扫描Controller-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.controller"></context:component-scan>

    <!--配置拦截器-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--对哪些资源(就是对应的请求方法，因为拦截器拦截不了jsp等等)执行拦截操作-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/> <!--/**代表对所以的方法都拦截-->
            <bean class="cn.itcast.interceptor.MyInterceptor1"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
</beans>

③ 测试拦截器的拦截效果:

建一个目标方法的控制类TargetController：

package cn.itcast.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

/**
 * @author QLBF
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2021/1/21 9:39
 */
@Controller
public class TargetController {
    @RequestMapping("/target")
    public ModelAndView show(){
        System.out.println("目标资源正在执行...");
        ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView();
        modelAndView.addObject("name","itcast");
        modelAndView.setViewName("ziyuan");  //跳转到ziyuan.jsp
        return modelAndView;
    }
}

error.jsp:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@page isELIgnored="false"%>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>error页面</h1>
</body>
</html>

ziyuan.jsp:

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@page isELIgnored="false"%>

<html>
<head>
    <title>ziyuan</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Hello world! ${name}</h2>  <%--这里的name是controller设置的键--%>
</body>
</html>

得配置下tomcat加载项目哦
浏览器输入：http://localhost:8080/target?param=xxx（字符串也不用引号）
不是yes的话，会跳转到失败页面，请求不了目标方法的：
在这里插入图片描述输入：http://localhost:8080/target?param=yes
输出：原本应该输出：Hello world! itcast但是我再posthandle修改了值，所以变为了这样

4.执行流程：

在这里插入图片描述

下面演示一下拦截链，跟之前的过滤器链差不多，注意一下执行的流程就行：
再建一个MyInterceptor2拦截器：

package cn.itcast.interceptor;

import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

/**
 * @author QLBF
 * @version 1.0
 * @date 2021/1/21 9:42
 */
public class MyInterceptor2 implements HandlerInterceptor {
    //在目标方法执行之前 执行，就是执行你在浏览器输入的url之前执行
    public boolean preHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("preHandle2222...");
        return true;
    }

    //在目标方法执行之后 视图对象返回之前执行
    public void postHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, ModelAndView modelAndView) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("postHandle2222...");
    }

    //在流程都执行完毕后 执行
    public void afterCompletion(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler, Exception ex) throws Exception {
        System.out.println("afterCompletion2222....");
    }
}

在springmvc.xml这样配（他们上下位置就是他们的执行顺序）：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
                            http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">


    <!--1、mvc注解驱动-->
    <mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>

    <!--2、配置视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/"></property>
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
    </bean>

    <!--3、静态资源权限开放-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler></mvc:default-servlet-handler>

    <!--4、组件扫描  扫描Controller-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="cn.itcast.controller"></context:component-scan>

    <!--配置拦截器-->
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--对哪些资源(就是对应的请求方法，因为拦截器拦截不了jsp等等)执行拦截操作-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/> <!--/**代表对所以的方法都拦截-->
            <bean class="cn.itcast.interceptor.MyInterceptor1"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>

        <mvc:interceptor>
            <!--对哪些资源(就是对应的请求方法，因为拦截器拦截不了jsp等等)执行拦截操作-->
            <mvc:mapping path="/**"/> <!--/**代表对所以的方法都拦截-->
            <bean class="cn.itcast.interceptor.MyInterceptor2"></bean>
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
</beans>