spring mvc 基于注解的使用,相当于配置文件的使用简单的多.下面讲一下spring mvc 注解的使用
先看一下再未使用注解前,spring mvc的配置文件
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
- <bean
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
- <property name="prefix" value="/" />
- <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
- </bean>
- <!-- 声明一个Controller中使用多个方法 -->
- <bean id="parameterMethodNameResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.multiaction.ParameterMethodNameResolver">
- <!-- 传参数时用这个作为名称 -->
- <property name="paramName" value="action"></property>
- </bean>
- <!-- 声明DispatcherServlet不要拦截下面声明的目录 -->
- <mvc:resources location="/images/" mapping="/images/**"/>
- </beans>
上面我们声明在一个控制器中使用多个方法.
再看看spring mvc使用注解配置文件的配置:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
- <!-- 开启注解扫描功能 -->
- <context:component-scan base-package="gd.hz.springmvc.controller"></context:component-scan>
- <!-- 开启注解 DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping:映射相应的类,DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping相应的类方法 -->
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter"></bean>
- <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping"></bean>
- <bean
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
- <property name="prefix" value="/" />
- <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
- </bean>
- </beans>
上面我们开启了注解扫描,注入了AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter作用是对有RequestMapping注解的控制器进行HTTP路径、HTTP方法和请求参数解析.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping作用是映射处理程序方法级别的HTTP路径.
上面的两个注解也可以用mvc标签表示:
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
- <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
- xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
- xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
- xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
- xsi:schemaLocation="
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
- http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
- <!-- 开启注解扫描功能 -->
- <context:component-scan base-package="gd.hz.springmvc.controller"></context:component-scan>
- <mvc:annotation-driven/>
- <bean
- class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
- <property name="prefix" value="/" />
- <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
- </bean>
- </beans>
接下来新建一个控制器:
- package gd.hz.springmvc.controller;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
- @Controller("userController")
- public class UserController {
- @RequestMapping("addUser")
- public ModelAndView addUser()
- {
- return new ModelAndView("hello");
- }
- }
注解 @Controller标志该类为控制器.注解@RequestMapping,映射相应的路径.
我们可以这样访问:http://localhost/Springmvc/addUser , 其中 addUser 就是@RequestMapping映射的名称,名字随意.接下来我们将对spring mvc的注解进行介绍.
首先用@Controller("userController")标志一个类为控制器,@Controller负责一个bean注册到spring上下文中,bean的ID默认是类名首字母小写,也可以自己定义,下面我显示的把名字定义为userController.
- package gd.hz.springmvc.controller;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- @Controller("userController")
- public class UserController {
- }
@RequestMapping,用来定义访问的URL,可以定义在类上也可以定义在方法上.把它定义在类方法上,类下面的所有方法访问路径都要它之下.看下面的例子:
- package gd.hz.springmvc.controller;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- @Controller("userController")
- @RequestMapping("user")
- public class UserController {
- //当有两个以上的配置时value不可以省略,url路径可以省去"/"
- @RequestMapping("addUser")
- public ModelAndView addUser()
- {
- String str = "Springmvc 您好啊!!--->addUser" ;
- return new ModelAndView("hello");
- }
- }
我们在UserController 上使用了@RequestMapping("user"),在方法上使用了@RequestMapping("addUser")这样的话,我们访问这个方法的URL为:http://localhost/项目名称/user/addUser,并返回一个名为hello的视图
下面是注解@RequestMapping的一些常用用法,其中当有配置有二个属性时,value不可省略.另外"result" , str ,是返回数据,我的下一章会介绍.
- package gd.hz.springmvc.controller;
- import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
- import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
- import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
- @Controller("userController")
- @RequestMapping("user")
- public class UserController {
- //method=RequestMethod.POST
- @RequestMapping(value="addUser/tow" , method=RequestMethod.GET)
- public ModelAndView addUser2()
- {
- String str = "Springmvc 您好啊!!--->addUser2" ;
- return new ModelAndView("hello" , "result" , str);
- }
- //URL为user/addUser/thread
- @RequestMapping("addUser/thread")
- public ModelAndView addUser3()
- {
- String str = "Springmvc 您好啊!!--->addUser3" ;
- return new ModelAndView("hello" , "result" , str);
- }
- //访问文件二级路径 URL为user/addUser/thread 返回定义目录下的test目录的Hello.jsp文件
- @RequestMapping("addUser/six")
- public String addUser6(HttpServletRequest request)
- {
- String str = "Springmvc 您好啊!!--->addUser6" ;
- request.setAttribute("result", str);
- return "test/hello" ;
- }
- }
@RequestParam:
required :参数是否必须,boolean类型,可选项,默认为true
value: 传递的参数名称,String类型,可选项,如果有值,对应到设置方法的参数
defaultValue:String类型,参数没有传递时为参数默认指定的值
默认情况下,当从表单或者以GET传来的参数跟Controller中的方法中的参数名不一样时就要使用此注解:
- @RequestMapping("/addUser/eight")
- public void addUser8(int id, @RequestParam("name") String username) {
- //这样做进行URL请求访问这个方法的时候,就会先从request中获取参数id的值赋给参数变量id,
- //从request中获取参数name的值赋给参数变量username
- }
@PathVariable:可以利用请求路径传值,当指定名称跟变量名不一样时需要指定名字,如下.
- @RequestMapping("addUser/{seven}")
- public String addUser7(@PathVariable("seven") String name , HttpServletRequest request)
- {
- request.setAttribute("result", name);
- return "test/hello" ;
- }
{seven}当url传来什么他就是什么,但是当接收它的变量名不一样时需要用@PathVariable指定.