目录
ifconfig
ifconfig:展示当前设备所有网络设备信息
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.142.22 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.142.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef2:40ce prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:f2:40:ce txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 77 bytes 10948 (10.6 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 99 bytes 12458 (12.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:ea:f0:d0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ifconfig ens33:只查看ens33这个网卡设备的配置信息
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.142.22 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.142.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef2:40ce prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:f2:40:ce txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 104 bytes 13159 (12.8 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 119 bytes 15480 (15.1 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ifconfig -a:表示查看所有网卡设备(包括未启动的设备)
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a
ens33: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.142.22 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.142.255
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fef2:40ce prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 00:0c:29:f2:40:ce txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 120 bytes 14395 (14.0 KiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 129 bytes 16880 (16.4 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.122.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.122.255
ether 52:54:00:ea:f0:d0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
virbr0-nic: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
ether 52:54:00:ea:f0:d0 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.142.100/24 创建临时虚拟网卡
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:0 192.168.142.100/24
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig ens33:0
ens33:0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.142.100 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.142.255
ether 00:0c:29:f2:40:ce txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
ifconfig ens33 down/up:ens33网卡开启/关闭
简写:ifdown/ifup
ifconfig -s:静态查看网络通信情况
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -s
Iface MTU RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
ens33 1500 299 0 0 0 281 0 0 0 BMRU
ens33:0 1500 - no statistics available - BMRU
lo 65536 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 LRU
virbr0 1500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 BMU
hostname
临时修改当前主机名:hostname 主机名
永久修改当前主机名:hostnamectl set-hostname 主机名(su刷新即生效)
配置文件修改(需重启):vim /etc/hostname
rout
route:查看或设置主机中路由表信息
route -n:详细的产看主机中的路由表信息
添加到指定网段的路由记录 route add -net
route add -net 目标网段地址 gw 指定网关中转(网段可以随意指定,但是网关必须是虚拟机的网关)
删除指定网段的路由记录 route del -net
route del -net 192.168.142.0/24
添加默认路由 route add default gw ip地址
route add default gw 192.168.142.21
删除默认路由
route del default gw 192.168.142.21
netstat
nestat:查看网络连接情况
-a:显示所有活动的网络连接信息
-n:数字形式显示主机的IP地址端口信息
-t:查看tcp协议相关
-u:查看udp协议相关
-p:显示与网络连接相关的进程号,进程名信息(root)
LISTEN:网络通信中等待连接的tcp端口状态
一旦进入表示正在等待建立连接
ss -nltp | grep 22 查看tcp的所有包含22的端口
ss -nltp | grep 22 查看所有sshd服务的进程
netstat -antp | grep 22 查看tcp的所有包含22端口的网络连接
netstat -antp | grep sshd 查看所有sshd服务的网络连接
netstat和ss的区别
查询socket信息,ss效率高,ss和netstat查询内容相似
Netstat:端口
Ss:套接字
ping
测试网络连通性--ping
ping -c 5 www.baidu.com ping百度5次后自动退出
ping www.baidu.com -w 10 ping百度等待10秒
traceroute
测试从当前主机-目的主机之间经过的网络节点:traceroute 目标主机地址、
nslookup
测试DNS域名解析
修改DNS域名解析配置文件:vim /etc/resolv.conf
dig
可以显示出更多详细信息
五大负载:CPU、内存、磁盘、网络、进程
yum -y install epel-release.noarch
先安装epel源,相当于提供第三方的提供的yum仓库必须联网下载
1、CPU负载
htop与top都是动态查看,功能强大
htop:
-u:显示指定用户的进程信息
-p:只显示进程的信息
2、内存负载
freetop
echo 1 > /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches:清理缓存,释放内存空间,如果后台程序较多,会降低文件系统的处理效率。
3、磁盘负载
iotop :动态监控进程占用磁盘的读写情况
-p:进程号
-u:用户名
4、网络负载
请求和响应量超出了服务器本身的处理范围,就会造成网络波动
iftop:动态监控流量数据
5、进程负载
top、htop、iotop、ps-aux都可以查看进程占用CPU和内存情况。