BGP属性
路由属性是对路由的特定描述,所有的BGP路由属性都可以分为以下4类,常见BGP属性类型如表1所示:
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公认必须遵循(Well-known mandatory):所有BGP设备都可以识别此类属性,且必须存在于Update报文中。如果缺少这类属性,路由信息就会出错。
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公认任意(Well-known discretionary):所有BGP设备都可以识别此类属性,但不要求必须存在于Update报文中,即就算缺少这类属性,路由信息也不会出错。
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可选过渡(Optional transitive):BGP设备可以不识别此类属性,如果BGP设备不识别此类属性,但它仍然会接收这类属性,并通告给其他对等体。
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可选非过渡(Optional non-transitive):BGP设备可以不识别此类属性,如果BGP设备不识别此类属性,则会被忽略该属性,且不会通告给其他对等体。
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Next_Hop属性
Next_Hop属性记录了路由的下一跳信息。BGP的下一跳属性和IGP的有所不同,不一定就是邻居设备的IP地址。通常情况下,Next_Hop属性遵循下面的规则:
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BGP Speaker在向EBGP对等体发布某条路由时,会把该路由信息的下一跳属性设置为本地与对端建立BGP邻居关系的接口地址。
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BGP Speaker将本地始发路由发布给IBGP对等体时,会把该路由信息的下一跳属性设置为本地与对端建立BGP邻居关系的接口地址。
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BGP Speaker在向IBGP对等体发布从EBGP对等体学来的路由时,并不改变该路由信息的下一跳属性。
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拓扑图
R1 基本配置
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.12.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.13.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R1]interface LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]q
[R1]interface LoopBack 1
[R1-LoopBack1]ip address 11.11.11.11 32
配置BGP
[R1]bgp 100
[R1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-bgp]peer 192.168.12.2 as-number 200
[R1-bgp]peer 192.168.13.3 as-number 200
[R1-bgp]network 11.11.11.11 32
[R1-bgp]network 1.1.1.1 32
配置BGP
[R1]bgp 100
[R1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[R1-bgp]peer 192.168.12.2 as-number 200
[R1-bgp]peer 192.168.13.3 as-number 200
[R1-bgp]network 11.11.11.11 32
[R1-bgp]network 1.1.1.1 32
R2 基本配置
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.12.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R2]interface Serial 4/0/0
[R2-Serial4/0/0]ip address 192.168.42.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R2]interface LoopBack 0
[R2-LoopBack0]ip address 2.2.2.2 32
配置OSPF
[R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.2 0.0.0.0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.42.0 0.0.0.255
配置BGP
[R2]bgp
[R2]bgp 200
[R2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2
[R2-bgp]peer 192.168.12.1 as-number 100
[R2-bgp]peer 192.168.24.4 as-number 200
[R2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 200
[R2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 next-hop-local //下一跳交给我
[R2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 200
[R2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 next-hop-local //下一跳交给我
R3 基本配置
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.12.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.34.3 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R3]interface LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.3.3 32
配置OSPF
[R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.3 0.0.0.0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
配置BGP
[R3]bgp 200
[R3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3
[R3-bgp]peer 192.168.13.1 as-number 100
[R3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as-number 200
[R3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 next-hop-local //下一跳交给我
[R3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 200
[R3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 next-hop-local //下一跳交给我
R4 基本配置
<Huawei>system-view
[Huawei]sysname R4
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 192.168.34.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]q
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 192.168.24.4 24
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
[R4]interface LoopBack 0
[R4-LoopBack0]ip address 4.4.4.4 32
[R4-LoopBack0]q
[R4]interface LoopBack 1
[R4-LoopBack1]ip address 44.44.44.44 32
[R4-LoopBack0]q
配置OSPF
[R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.4 0.0.0.0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.42.0 0.0.0.255
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255
配置BGP
[R4]bgp 200
[R4-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4
[R4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 200
[R4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 next-hop-local
[R4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as-number 200
[R4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[R4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 next-hop-local
[R4-bgp]network 4.4.4.4 32
[R4-bgp]network 44.44.44.44 32
更改 cost值为99
[R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ospf cost 99
[R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]q
更改 cost 之后的结果