Java设计模式——工厂模式(抽象工厂模式实例)

1、基本介绍

• 其定义了一个interface用于创建相关或有依赖关系的对象簇，而无需指明具体的类
• 抽象工厂模式可以将简单工厂模式和工厂方法模式进行整合
• 从设计层面看，抽象工厂模式就是对简单工厂模式的改进(或称为进一步的抽象)
• 将工厂抽象成两层，AbsFactory(抽象工厂)和具体实现的工厂子类。可以根据创建对象类型使用对应的工厂子类。这样将单个的简单工厂类变成了工厂簇，更有利于代码的维护和扩展

2、UML类图

3、应用实例

Pizza

package com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza;

/**
 * 抽象Pizza类
 */
public abstract class Pizza {
   protected String name;

   /**
    * 准备材料，不同披萨需要准备的材料不同，因此做成抽象
    */
   public abstract void prepare();

   /**
    * 烘烤
    */
   public void bake() {
      System.out.println(name + " baking;");
   }

   /**
    * 切
    */
   public void cut() {
      System.out.println(name + " cutting;");
   }

   /**
    * 打包
    */
   public void box() {
      System.out.println(name + " boxing;");
   }

   public void setName(String name) {
      this.name = name;
   }
}

LDPepperPizza

package com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza;

public class LDPepperPizza extends Pizza{
	@Override
	public void prepare() {
		setName("伦敦的胡椒pizza");
		System.out.println("伦敦的胡椒pizza 准备原材料");
	}
}

LDCheesePizza

package com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza;

public class LDCheesePizza extends Pizza{

	@Override
	public void prepare() {
		setName("伦敦的奶酪pizzapizza");
		System.out.println("伦敦的奶酪pizza 准备原材料");
	}
}

BJPepperPizza

package com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza;

public class BJPepperPizza extends Pizza {
	@Override
	public void prepare() {
		setName("北京的胡椒pizza");
		System.out.println("北京的胡椒pizza 准备原材料");
	}
}

BJCheesePizza

package com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza;

public class BJCheesePizza extends Pizza {

	@Override
	public void prepare() {
		setName("北京的奶酪pizza");
		System.out.println("北京的奶酪pizza 准备原材料");
	}
}

AbsFactory

package com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.order;

import com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.Pizza;

public interface AbsFactory {

	public Pizza createPizza(String orderType);

}

LDFactory

package com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.order;

import com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.LDCheesePizza;
import com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.LDPepperPizza;
import com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.Pizza;

public class LDFactory implements AbsFactory {

	@Override
	public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {
		System.out.println("================使用的是抽象工厂模式===================");
		Pizza pizza = null;
		if ("cheese".equals(orderType)) {
			pizza = new LDCheesePizza();
		} else if ("pepper".equals(orderType)) {
			pizza = new LDPepperPizza();
		}
		return pizza;
	}
}

BJFactory

package com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.order;

import com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.BJCheesePizza;
import com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.BJPepperPizza;
import com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.Pizza;

public class BJFactory implements AbsFactory {
	@Override
	public Pizza createPizza(String orderType) {
		System.out.println("================使用的是抽象工厂模式===================");
		Pizza pizza = null;
		if("cheese".equals(orderType)) {
			pizza = new BJCheesePizza();
		} else if ("pepper".equals(orderType)){
			pizza = new BJPepperPizza();
		}
		return pizza;
	}
}

OrderPizza

package com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.order;
import com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.pizza.Pizza;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class OrderPizza {

	AbsFactory factory;

	// 构造器
	public OrderPizza(AbsFactory factory) {
		setFactory(factory);
	}

	private void setFactory(AbsFactory factory) {
		Pizza pizza = null;
		//用户输入
		String orderType = "";
		this.factory = factory;
		do {
			orderType = getType();
			// factory 可能是北京的工厂子类，也可能是伦敦的工厂子类
			pizza = factory.createPizza(orderType);
			if (pizza != null) {
				pizza.prepare();
				pizza.bake();
				pizza.cut();
				pizza.box();
			} else {
				System.out.println("订购失败");
				break;
			}
		} while (true);
	}

	/**
	 * 获取客户希望订购的披萨种类
	 * @return
	 */
	private String getType() {
		try {
			BufferedReader strin = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
			System.out.println("input pizza 种类:");
			String str = strin.readLine();
			return str;
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
			return "";
		}
	}
}

PizzaStore

package com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.order;

public class PizzaStore {

	public static void main(String[] args) {
		new OrderPizza(new LDFactory());
		new OrderPizza(new BJFactory());
	}
}

4、运行结果

5、工厂模式在JDK-Calendar中应用的源码

package com.weirdo.factory.absfactory.pizzastore.order;

import java.util.Calendar;

public class PizzaStore {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
//        new OrderPizza(new LDFactory());
//        new OrderPizza(new BJFactory());
		calendarTest();
    }

    public static void calendarTest(){
    	//getInstance是Calendar的静态方法
    	Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
    	//月份下标从0开始，所以月份要加1
		System.out.println("年："+calendar.get(Calendar.YEAR));
		System.out.println("月："+(calendar.get(Calendar.MONTH)+1));
		System.out.println("日："+calendar.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH));
		System.out.println("时："+calendar.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY));
		System.out.println("分："+calendar.get(Calendar.MINUTE));
		System.out.println("秒："+calendar.get(Calendar.SECOND));
	}
}

    protected Calendar(TimeZone zone, Locale aLocale)
    {
        fields = new int[FIELD_COUNT];
        isSet = new boolean[FIELD_COUNT];
        stamp = new int[FIELD_COUNT];

        this.zone = zone;
        setWeekCountData(aLocale);
    }

    /**
     * Gets a calendar using the default time zone and locale. The
     * <code>Calendar</code> returned is based on the current time
     * in the default time zone with the default
     * {@link Locale.Category#FORMAT FORMAT} locale.
     *
     * @return a Calendar.
     */
    public static Calendar getInstance()
    {
        return createCalendar(TimeZone.getDefault(), Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));
    }

    /**
     * Gets a calendar using the specified time zone and default locale.
     * The <code>Calendar</code> returned is based on the current time
     * in the given time zone with the default
     * {@link Locale.Category#FORMAT FORMAT} locale.
     *
     * @param zone the time zone to use
     * @return a Calendar.
     */
    public static Calendar getInstance(TimeZone zone)
    {
        return createCalendar(zone, Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));
    }

    /**
     * Gets a calendar using the default time zone and specified locale.
     * The <code>Calendar</code> returned is based on the current time
     * in the default time zone with the given locale.
     *
     * @param aLocale the locale for the week data
     * @return a Calendar.
     */
    public static Calendar getInstance(Locale aLocale)
    {
        return createCalendar(TimeZone.getDefault(), aLocale);
    }

    /**
     * Gets a calendar with the specified time zone and locale.
     * The <code>Calendar</code> returned is based on the current time
     * in the given time zone with the given locale.
     *
     * @param zone the time zone to use
     * @param aLocale the locale for the week data
     * @return a Calendar.
     */
    public static Calendar getInstance(TimeZone zone,
                                       Locale aLocale)
    {
        return createCalendar(zone, aLocale);
    }

    private static Calendar createCalendar(TimeZone zone,
                                           Locale aLocale)
    {
        CalendarProvider provider =
            LocaleProviderAdapter.getAdapter(CalendarProvider.class, aLocale)
                                 .getCalendarProvider();
        if (provider != null) {
            try {
                return provider.getInstance(zone, aLocale);
            } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
                // fall back to the default instantiation
            }
        }

        Calendar cal = null;

        if (aLocale.hasExtensions()) {
            String caltype = aLocale.getUnicodeLocaleType("ca");
            if (caltype != null) {
                switch (caltype) {
                case "buddhist":
                cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                case "japanese":
                    cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                case "gregory":
                    cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        if (cal == null) {
            // If no known calendar type is explicitly specified,
            // perform the traditional way to create a Calendar:
            // create a BuddhistCalendar for th_TH locale,
            // a JapaneseImperialCalendar for ja_JP_JP locale, or
            // a GregorianCalendar for any other locales.
            // NOTE: The language, country and variant strings are interned.
            if (aLocale.getLanguage() == "th" && aLocale.getCountry() == "TH") {
                cal = new BuddhistCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            } else if (aLocale.getVariant() == "JP" && aLocale.getLanguage() == "ja"
                       && aLocale.getCountry() == "JP") {
                cal = new JapaneseImperialCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            } else {
                cal = new GregorianCalendar(zone, aLocale);
            }
        }
        return cal;
    }

6、工厂模式小结

• 工厂模式的意义：将实例化对象的代码提取出来，放到一个类中统一管理和维护，达到和主项目的依赖关系的解耦。从而提高项目的扩展和维护性。

• 三种工厂模式：简单工厂模式、工厂方法模式、抽象工厂模式

• 设计模式的依赖抽象原则：
  1、创建对象实例时，不要直接new类，而是把这个new类的动作放在一个工厂的方法中，并返回。
  2、不要让类继承具体类，而是继承抽象类或者是实现interface(接口)
  3、不要覆盖基类中已经实现的方法。