源码剖析 django 中间件与路由系统

1,首先python manager.py runserver 0:80命令 启动server,在server接到request请求之后会自动将请求交给WSGIHandle类

2,WSGIHander类说明:

class WSGIHandler(base.BaseHandler):
    request_class = WSGIRequest

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(WSGIHandler, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)
        # 初始化中间件
        self.load_middleware()

    def __call__(self, environ, start_response):
        set_script_prefix(get_script_name(environ))
        signals.request_started.send(sender=self.__class__, environ=environ)
        # 将 HttpRequest 对象 转化成 request 对象
        request = self.request_class(environ)
        #将 执行_response_middleware 存储的 response中间件
        response = self.get_response(request)

        response._handler_class = self.__class__

        status = '%d %s' % (response.status_code, response.reason_phrase)
        response_headers = [(str(k), str(v)) for k, v in response.items()]
        for c in response.cookies.values():
            response_headers.append((str('Set-Cookie'), str(c.output(header=''))))
        start_response(force_str(status), response_headers)
        if getattr(response, 'file_to_stream', None) is not None and environ.get('wsgi.file_wrapper'):
            response = environ['wsgi.file_wrapper'](response.file_to_stream)
        return response

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初始化中间件
    将 setting之中的中间件定义的方法进行分类，同类的方法存储到相对应的列表之中

def load_middleware(self):
        """
        Populate middleware lists from settings.MIDDLEWARE (or the deprecated
        MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES).

        Must be called after the environment is fixed (see __call__ in subclasses).
        """
        # 将定义的功能函数加到对应的列表之中
        self._request_middleware = []
        self._view_middleware = []
        self._template_response_middleware = []
        self._response_middleware = []
        self._exception_middleware = []

        #旧版本的中间件定义！
        if settings.MIDDLEWARE is None:
            warnings.warn(
                "Old-style middleware using settings.MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES is "
                "deprecated. Update your middleware and use settings.MIDDLEWARE "
                "instead.", RemovedInDjango20Warning
            )
            handler = convert_exception_to_response(self._legacy_get_response)
            for middleware_path in settings.MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES:
                mw_class = import_string(middleware_path)
                try:
                    mw_instance = mw_class()
                except MiddlewareNotUsed as exc:
                    if settings.DEBUG:
                        if six.text_type(exc):
                            logger.debug('MiddlewareNotUsed(%r): %s', middleware_path, exc)
                        else:
                            logger.debug('MiddlewareNotUsed: %r', middleware_path)
                    continue

                if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_request'):
                    self._request_middleware.append(mw_instance.process_request)
                if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_view'):
                    self._view_middleware.append(mw_instance.process_view)
                if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_template_response'):
                    self._template_response_middleware.insert(0, mw_instance.process_template_response)
                if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_response'):
                    self._response_middleware.insert(0, mw_instance.process_response)
                if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_exception'):
                    self._exception_middleware.insert(0, mw_instance.process_exception)
        else:
            # 使用路由系统！
            handler = convert_exception_to_response(self._get_response)
            for middleware_path in reversed(settings.MIDDLEWARE):
                middleware = import_string(middleware_path)
                try:
                    mw_instance = middleware(handler)
                except MiddlewareNotUsed as exc:
                    if settings.DEBUG:
                        if six.text_type(exc):
                            logger.debug('MiddlewareNotUsed(%r): %s', middleware_path, exc)
                        else:
                            logger.debug('MiddlewareNotUsed: %r', middleware_path)
                    continue

                if mw_instance is None:
                    raise ImproperlyConfigured(
                        'Middleware factory %s returned None.' % middleware_path
                    )

                if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_view'):
                    self._view_middleware.insert(0, mw_instance.process_view)
                if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_template_response'):
                    self._template_response_middleware.append(mw_instance.process_template_response)
                if hasattr(mw_instance, 'process_exception'):
                    self._exception_middleware.append(mw_instance.process_exception)

                handler = convert_exception_to_response(mw_instance)

        # We only assign to this when initialization is complete as it is used
        # as a flag for initialization being complete.
        self._middleware_chain = handler

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3,执行中间件获取响应

def _get_response(self, request):
    """
    Resolve and call the view, then apply view, exception, and
    template_response middleware. This method is everything that happens
    inside the request/response middleware.
    """
    response = None

    if hasattr(request, 'urlconf'):
        urlconf = request.urlconf
        set_urlconf(urlconf)
        # get_resolver()函数是获取路由解析类的
        resolver = get_resolver(urlconf)
    else:
        resolver = get_resolver()
    #resolver_match 根据用户请求获取的路由结果（实际上根据url进行正则匹配到视图函数名称）
    resolver_match = resolver.resolve(request.path_info)
    # callback 视图之中之中定义的响应函数！
    callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs = resolver_match
    request.resolver_match = resolver_match

    # Apply view middleware
    #每一个视图函数都要经过中间件！
    for middleware_method in self._view_middleware:
        response = middleware_method(request, callback, callback_args, callback_kwargs)
        if response:
            break

    if response is None:
        wrapped_callback = self.make_view_atomic(callback)
        try:
            response = wrapped_callback(request, *callback_args, **callback_kwargs)
        except Exception as e:
            response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)

    # Complain if the view returned None (a common error).
    if response is None:
        #FBV和CBV 是指url 和view的对应关系
        if isinstance(callback, types.FunctionType):    # FBV 函数
            view_name = callback.__name__
        else:                                           # CBV 类
            view_name = callback.__class__.__name__ + '.__call__'

        raise ValueError(
            "The view %s.%s didn't return an HttpResponse object. It "
            "returned None instead." % (callback.__module__, view_name)
        )

    # If the response supports deferred rendering, apply template
    # response middleware and then render the response
    elif hasattr(response, 'render') and callable(response.render):
        for middleware_method in self._template_response_middleware:
            response = middleware_method(request, response)
            # Complain if the template response middleware returned None (a common error).
            if response is None:
                raise ValueError(
                    "%s.process_template_response didn't return an "
                    "HttpResponse object. It returned None instead."
                    % (middleware_method.__self__.__class__.__name__)
                )

        try:
            response = response.render()
        except Exception as e:
            response = self.process_exception_by_middleware(e, request)

    return response

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转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/shi-qi/articles/9641257.html