文件服务器架构
概述
WINDOWS2008R2系统使用MicrosoftiSCSI Software Target模拟IPSAN存储将1T磁盘通过iscsi协议共享出来，linux文件服务器通过iscsi-initiator与IPSAN存储建立连接后，模拟为本地磁盘，然后使用linux的mdadm做软件raid1（磁盘镜像），格式化raid1并挂载，配置samba服务，提供文件共享服务，避免服务器数据安全性受到威胁
1. 硬件资源
| 资源 | 操作系统 | 配置 |
| 192.168.0.174 | Linux CentOS5.1 | CPU：Intel P4 2.40GHz（单核） 内存：2G 硬盘：80G、1T |
| 192.168.0.176 | Windows 2008 R2_X64 | CPU：AMD 245 2.90GHz（双核） 内存：4G 硬盘：500G、1T |
2. 软件安装配置
Microsoft iSCSI Software Target ：Windows2008R2系统IPSAN服务模拟软件，用于将SCSI数据块映射成以太网数据包。简洁的说法可以认为是：iSCSI协议将SCSI数据块打包成TCP/IP包，在现有网络内传输
iSCSI Initiator ：实现linux系统与IP SAN存储设备的对接
2.1 Microsoft iSCSI Software Target 安装配置
安装配置方法网上有，此处省略
2.2 iSCSI Initiator 安装配置
Open-iSCSI的配置信息是以数据库的形式进行管理的，主要包含两个表：
l Discovery table(/etc/iscsi/send_targets)
l Node table(/etc/iscsi/nodes)
Open-iSCSI的管理主要是通过iscsiadm来完成的。iscsiadm是一个命令行管理工具，通过它来查询、更新、删除这两个表。
首先介绍一下Open-iSCSI的配置文件：
l /etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf
该文件是默认的配置文件，配置文件内容可以在Discovery过程中或者用iscsiadm来改变。
l /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi
保存启动器名称，可以修改，但需要注意符合命名规范。
l /etc/iscsi/send_targets
该目录下包含所有曾经发现过的目标器地址信息等。
l /etc/iscsi/nodes
该目录下包含发现的目标器节点信息。
下面将介绍Open-iSCSI常用的命令。
1. open-iscsi服务的控制
A. 如何启动open-iscsi服务？
/etc/init.d/open-iscsi start （Suse10）
/etc/init.d/iscsi start （Redhat5）
B. 如何停止open-iscsi服务？
/etc/init.d/open-iscsi stop （Suse10）
/etc/init.d/iscsi stop （Redhat5）
C. 如何查看open-iscsi服务状态？
/etc/init.d/open-iscsi status （Suse10）
/etc/init.d/iscsi status （Redhat5）
D. 如何重启open-iscsi服务？
/etc/init.d/open-iscsi restart （Suse10）
/etc/init.d/iscsi restart （Redhat5）
E. 如何配置open-iscsi服务开机时自动启动？
chkconfig open-iscsi on
2. iscsiadm的使用方法
A. 发现目标器：
iscsiadm -m discovery -t st -p 192.168.0.176
B. 显示所有已发现目标器节点信息：
iscsiadm -m node
C. 登陆已发现目标器：
iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:win-ir55lome043-filebackup-target-p 192.168.0.176 –l
D. 登出目标器：
iscsiadm -m node –T iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:win-ir55lome043-filebackup-target-p 192.168.120.198 -u
E. 删除目标器节点信息：
Iscsidm –m node –o delete -T iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:win-ir55lome043-filebackup-target-p 192.168.0.176
F. 更改对应目标器节点协商参数：
iscsiadm -m node -T iqn.1991-05.com.microsoft:win-ir55lome043-filebackup-target-p 192.168.0.176 -o update -n node.cnx[0].iscsi.MaxRecvDataSegmentLength -v65536
【注意】 由于更改配置文件/etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf后只有重新执行restart才能对所有已发现目标器生效，所以推荐使用-o方式更新目标器节点的配置信息。比如说之前登陆目标器时设备测没有用chap认证，后面又开始使用chap认证，那么我们就可以使用H中的方式进行更新，然后再重新登陆目标器即可。
G. 登陆、登出所有目标器：
iscsiadm -m node -L all
iscsiadm -m node –U all
H. CHAP认证用法：
iscsiadm -m node -T Targetname -p 目标器IP -o update -nnode.session.auth.authmethod -v CHAP //设置为改目标器需要CHAP认证
iscsiadm -m node -T Targetname -p 目标器IP -o update -nnode.session.auth.username -v huawei //设置CHAP用户名为huawei
iscsiadm -m node -T Targetname -p 目标器IP -o update -nnode.session.auth.password -v huawei //设置CHAP密码为huawei
I. 查看当前活动session信息：
iscsiadm -m session //查看session详细信息
这个命令类似于suse9下iSCSI启动器的iscsi-ls，可以用来查看目标器是否已连接及目标器信息。
J. 设置系统启动时自动连接目标器：
修改/etc/iscsi/iscsid.conf配置文件中的node.startup修改为：node.startup =automatic
注：如果需要其他用法可以使用 man iscsiadm或者info iscsiadm来查看iscsiadm的说明。
3.iscsid服务开机启动
chkconfig iscsid –level35 on
3.mdadm创建raid1
1.创建RAID 1
[root@Meil89sda1]# mdadm -Cv /dev/md0 -l1 -n2 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc
提示：-C参数为创建阵列模式。/dev/md0为阵列的设备名称。-l1为阵列模式，可以选择0，1，4，5等多种不同的阵列模式，分别对应 RAID0，RAID1，RAID4，RAID5。-n2为阵列中活动磁盘的数目，该数目加上备用磁盘的数目应该等于阵列中总的磁盘数目/dev/hdc /dev/sdb为参与创建阵列的磁盘名称，阵列由2块镜象的活动磁盘组成
2.查看RAID阵列情况
[root@localhost~]#cat /proc/mdstat
Personalities : [raid1]
md0 : active raid1 sdc[1] sdb[0]
952319936 blocks [2/2] [UU]
[>....................] resync= 2.2% (21430016/952319936)finish=1362.4min speed=11385K/sec
unused devices: <none>
[root@localhost ~]# mdadm -D /dev/md0
/dev/md0:
Version : 0.90
Creation Time : Mon Jan 512:26:00 2004
Raid Level : raid1
Array Size : 952319936 (908.20 GiB 975.18 GB)
Used Dev Size : 952319936 (908.20 GiB 975.18 GB)
Raid Devices : 2
Total Devices : 2
Preferred Minor : 0
Persistence : Superblock is persistent
Update Time : Mon Jan 5 12:26:002004
State : clean, resyncing
Active Devices : 2
Working Devices : 2
Failed Devices : 0
Spare Devices : 0
Rebuild Status : 3% complete
UUID : 8293b1c6:3971bc36:626ceab4:34aef60b
Events : 0.1
Number Major Minor RaidDevice State
0 8 16 0 active sync /dev/sdb
1 8 32 1 active sync /dev/sdc
3.写入md0信息到配置文件
保证系统自动识别raid
[root@localhost~]# mdadm --detail --scan>> /etc/mdadm.conf
4.格式化md0
避免破坏Raid1的superblock，保证md0的resync超过5%后进行格式
[root@localhost~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/md0
5.挂载md0
[root@localhost~]#mount –t ext3 /dev/md0/mnt/gaga
4.配置启动samba服务
1.在/mnt/gaga目录下创建如下目录：文档、交换空间、备份、工具
2.修改/etc/samba/smb.conf文件如下
# This is the main Samba configurationfile. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order tounderstand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number ofconfigurable options (perhaps too
# many!) most of which are not shown inthis example
#
# For a step to step guide on installing,configuring and using samba,
# read the Samba-HOWTO-Collection. This maybe obtained from:
# http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/Samba-HOWTO-Collection.pdf
#
# Many working examples of smb.conf filescan be found in the
# Samba-Guide which is generated daily andcan be downloaded from:
# http://www.samba.org/samba/docs/Samba-Guide.pdf
#
# Any line which starts with a ;(semi-colon) or a # (hash)
# is a comment and is ignored. In thisexample we will use a #
# for commentry and a ; for parts of theconfig file that you
# may wish to enable
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file youshould run the command "testparm"
# to check that you have not made any basicsyntactic errors.
#
#---------------
# SELINUX NOTES:
#
# If you want to use the useradd/groupaddfamily of binaries please run:
# setsebool -P samba_domain_controller on
#
# If you want to share home directories viasamba please run:
# setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs on
#
# If you create a new directory you want toshare you should mark it as
# "samba-share_t" so that selinuxwill let you write into it.
# Make sure not to do that on systemdirectories as they may already have
# been marked with othe SELinux labels.
#
# Use ls -ldZ /path to see which context adirectory has
#
# Set labels only on directories youcreated!
# To set a label use the following: chcon-t samba_share_t /path
#
# If you need to share a system createddirectory you can use one of the
# following (read-only/read-write):
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on
# or
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on
#
# If you want to run scripts (preexec/rootprexec/print command/...) please
# put them into the /var/lib/samba/scriptsdirectory so that smbd will be
# allowed to run them.
# Make sure you COPY them and not MOVE themso that the right SELinux context
# is applied, to check all is ok userestorecon -R -v /var/lib/samba/scripts
#
#--------------
#
#======================= Global Settings=====================================
[global]
# ----------------------- Network RelatedOptions -------------------------
#
# workgroup = NT-Domain-Name orWorkgroup-Name, eg: MIDEARTH
#
# server string is the equivalent of the NTDescription field
#
# netbios name can be used to specify aserver name not tied to the hostname
#
# Interfaces lets you configure Samba touse multiple interfaces
# If you have multiple network interfacesthen you can list the ones
# you want to listen on (never omitlocalhost)
#
# Hosts Allow/Hosts Deny lets you restrictwho can connect, and you can
# specifiy it as a per share option as well
#
workgroup= MYGROUP
serverstring = Samba Server Version %v
; netbiosname = MYSERVER
; interfaces= lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24
hostsallow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.0.
# --------------------------- LoggingOptions -----------------------------
#
# Log File let you specify where to putlogs and how to split them up.
#
# Max Log Size let you specify the max sizelog files should reach
#logs split per machine
; logfile = /var/log/samba/%m.log
#max 50KB per log file, then rotate
; maxlog size = 50
# ----------------------- Standalone ServerOptions ------------------------
#
# Security can be set to user, share(deprecated)or server(deprecated)
#
# Backend to store user information in. Newinstallations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswdis available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no furtherconfiguration.
security= user
passdbbackend = tdbsam
# ----------------------- Domain MembersOptions ------------------------
#
# Security must be set to domain or ads
#
# Use the realm option only with security =ads
# Specifies the Active Directory realm thehost is part of
#
# Backend to store user information in. Newinstallations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswdis available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no furtherconfiguration.
#
# Use password server option only withsecurity = server or if you can't
# use the DNS to locate Domain Controllers
# The argument list may include:
# password server = My_PDC_Name [My_BDC_Name] [My_Next_BDC_Name]
# or to auto-locate the domain controller/s
# password server = *
security= Share
passdbbackend = tdbsam
realm= MY_REALM
; passwordserver = <NT-Server-Name>
# ----------------------- Domain ControllerOptions ------------------------
#
# Security must be set to user for domaincontrollers
#
# Backend to store user information in. Newinstallations should
# use either tdbsam or ldapsam. smbpasswdis available for backwards
# compatibility. tdbsam requires no furtherconfiguration.
#
# Domain Master specifies Samba to be theDomain Master Browser. This
# allows Samba to collate browse listsbetween subnets. Don't use this
# if you already have a Windows NT domaincontroller doing this job
#
# Domain Logons let Samba be a domain logonserver for Windows workstations.
#
# Logon Scrpit let yuou specify a script tobe run at login time on the client
# You need to provide it in a share calledNETLOGON
#
# Logon Path let you specify where userprofiles are stored (UNC path)
#
# Various scripts can be used on a domaincontroller or stand-alone
# machine to add or delete correspondingunix accounts
#
; security= user
; passdbbackend = tdbsam
; domainmaster = yes
; domainlogons = yes
#the login script name depends on the machine name
; logonscript = %m.bat
#the login script name depends on the unix user used
; logonscript = %u.bat
; logonpath = \\%L\Profiles\%u
#disables profiles support by specifing an empty path
; logonpath =
; adduser script = /usr/sbin/useradd "%u" -n -g users
; addgroup script = /usr/sbin/groupadd "%g"
; addmachine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -n -c "Workstation (%u)" -M -d/nohome -s /bin/false "%u"
; deleteuser script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u"
; deleteuser from group script = /usr/sbin/userdel "%u" "%g"
; deletegroup script = /usr/sbin/groupdel "%g"
# ----------------------- Browser ControlOptions ----------------------------
#
# set local master to no if you don't wantSamba to become a master
# browser on your network. Otherwise thenormal election rules apply
#
# OS Level determines the precedence ofthis server in master browser
# elections. The default value should bereasonable
#
# Preferred Master causes Samba to force alocal browser election on startup
# and gives it a slightly higher chance ofwinning the election
; localmaster = no
; oslevel = 33
; preferredmaster = yes
#----------------------------- NameResolution -------------------------------
# Windows Internet Name Serving SupportSection:
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server,or a WINS Client, but NOT both
#
# - WINS Support: Tells the NMBD componentof Samba to enable it's WINS Server
#
# - WINS Server: Tells the NMBD componentsof Samba to be a WINS Client
#
# - WINS Proxy: Tells Samba to answer nameresolution queries on
# behalf of a non WINS capable client, for this to work there must be
# at least one WINS Server onthe network. The default is NO.
#
# DNS Proxy - tells Samba whether or not totry to resolve NetBIOS names
# via DNS nslookups.
; winssupport = yes
; winsserver = w.x.y.z
; winsproxy = yes
; dnsproxy = yes
# --------------------------- PrintingOptions -----------------------------
#
# Load Printers let you load automaticallythe list of printers rather
# than setting them up individually
#
# Cups Options let you pass the cups libscustom options, setting it to raw
# for example will let you use drivers onyour Windows clients
#
# Printcap Name let you specify analternative printcap file
#
# You can choose a non default printingsystem using the Printing option
loadprinters = yes
cupsoptions = raw
; printcapname = /etc/printcap
#obtainlist of printers automatically on SystemV
; printcapname = lpstat
; printing= cups
# --------------------------- FilesystemOptions ---------------------------
#
# The following options can be uncommentedif the filesystem supports
# Extended Attributes and they are enabled(usually by the mount option
# user_xattr). Thess options will let theadmin store the DOS attributes
# in an EA and make samba not mess with thepermission bits.
#
# Note: these options can also be set justper share, setting them in global
# makes them the default for all shares
; maparchive = no
; maphidden = no
; mapread only = no
; mapsystem = no
; storedos attributes = yes
#============================ ShareDefinitions ==============================
[交换空间]
comment= share1
path= /mnt/gaga/交换空间
browseable = yes
writable= yes
; validusers = %S
; validusers = MYDOMAIN\%S
public = yes
; host allow = 192.168.0.
[工具集]
comment = share2
path = /mnt/gaga/工具集
browseable = yes
writable = yes
public = yes
[备份文件]
comment = share3
path = /mnt/gaga/备份文件
browseable = yes
writable = yes
public = yes
[文档]
comment = share4
path = /mnt/gaga/文档
browseable = yes
writable = yes
public = yes
[printers]
comment= All Printers
path= /var/spool/samba
browseable= no
guestok = no
writable= no
printable= yes
# Un-comment the following and create thenetlogon directory for Domain Logons
; [netlogon]
; comment= Network Logon Service
; path= /var/lib/samba/netlogon
; guestok = yes
; writable= no
; sharemodes = no
# Un-comment the following to provide aspecific roving profile share
# the default is to use the user's homedirectory
; [Profiles]
; path= /var/lib/samba/profiles
; browseable= no
; guestok = yes
# A publicly accessible directory, but readonly, except for people in
# the "staff" group
; [public]
; comment= Public Stuff
; path= /home/samba
; public= yes
; writable= yes
; printable= no
; writelist = +staff
3.启动samba服务
启动samba服务前必须保证/dev/md0已挂载到/mnt/gaga目录
service smb start
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