Win32学习笔记（四）窗口创建具体解析

一、系统窗口类
不需要注册，直接使用窗口类即可。系统已经注册好了
如：button、edit

#include <windows.h>
int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
	//在内存创建窗口
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindow("Button", "window", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 500, 500, NULL, NULL, hIns, NULL);
	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);
	//消息循环
	MSG nMsg = { 0 };
	while (GetMessage(&nMsg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
		TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
		DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理。
	}

	return 0;
}

运行结果如下（Button和Edit）：


二、全局及局部窗口类
注册窗口类的函数
*ATOM RegisterClass（CONST WNDCLASS lpWndClass//窗口类的数据）;//注册成功后，返回一个数字标识。

    // 1.设计一个窗口类
    WNDCLASSEX wcex;
    wcex.cbSize = sizeof(WNDCLASSEX);
    wcex.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
    wcex.cbClsExtra = 0;
    wcex.cbWndExtra = 0;
    wcex.hInstance = hInstance;
    wcex.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
    wcex.hIcon = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);
    wcex.hCursor = LoadCursor(NULL, IDC_ARROW);
    wcex.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)GetStockObject(WHITE_BRUSH);
    wcex.lpszMenuName = NULL;
    wcex.lpszClassName = g_lpszClassName;
    wcex.hIconSm = LoadIcon(NULL, IDI_APPLICATION);

加强版不会用到窗口的扩展风格！

HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(NULL, g_lpszClassName, g_lpszWindowName, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 10, 10, 800, 800, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL);

使用WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW的理由：
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW
Creates an overlapped window with the WS_OVERLAPPED, WS_CAPTION, WS_SYSMENU, WS_THICKFRAME, WS_MINIMIZEBOX, and WS_MAXIMIZEBOX styles. Same as the WS_TILEDWINDOW style.
包含了很多风格

消息的概念和作用
在这里插入图片描述
如果找到窗口类，申请一大块内存，将窗口的数据信息存入这块内存中。如果没有，返回null。

2.1窗口进程没有停止
原因：

//消息循环
	MSG nMsg = { 0 };
	while (GetMessage(&nMsg, NULL, 0, 0)) {
		TranslateMessage(&nMsg);
		DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理。
	}

解决：

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msgID, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM IParam) {
    switch (msgID) {
    case WM_DESTROY:
        PostQuitMessage(0);
        break;
    }
};

三、子窗口创建过程
实现以下两句子
1.创建时要设置窗口句柄
2.创建分格要增加WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE

#include <windows.h>

LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hWnd, UINT msgID, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM IParam)
{
	switch (msgID) {
	case WM_DESTROY:
		PostQuitMessage(0);
		break;
	}
	return DefWindowProc(hWnd, msgID, wParam, IParam);
}

int CALLBACK WinMain(HINSTANCE hIns, HINSTANCE hPreIns, LPSTR lpCmdLine, int nCmdShow) {
	WNDCLASS wc = { 0 };
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
	wc.lpszClassName = "Main";
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc); //将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统中
	//在内存创建窗口
	HWND hWnd = CreateWindowEx(0, "Main", "window", WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 100, 100, 500, 500, NULL, NULL
		, hIns
		, NULL);

	//注册窗口类
	wc.cbClsExtra = 0;
	wc.cbWndExtra = 0;
	wc.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH)(COLOR_WINDOW + 1);
	wc.hCursor = NULL;
	wc.hIcon = NULL;
	wc.hInstance = hIns;
	wc.lpfnWndProc = DefWindowProc;//微软最近提供的默认处理类
	wc.lpszClassName = "Child";//基于它创建子窗口
	wc.lpszMenuName = NULL;
	wc.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
	RegisterClass(&wc); //将以上所有赋值全部写入操作系统中
	//创建子窗口
	HWND hChild1 = CreateWindowEx(0, "Child", "c1", WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 0, 0, 200, 200, hWnd, NULL, hIns, NULL);
	HWND hChild2 = CreateWindowEx(0, "Child", "c1", WS_CHILD | WS_VISIBLE | WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, 200, 0, 200, 200, hWnd, NULL, hIns, NULL);

	//显示窗口
	ShowWindow(hWnd, SW_SHOW);
	UpdateWindow(hWnd);
	//消息循环
	MSG nMsg = { 0 };
	while (GetMessage(&nMsg, NULL, 0, 0)) { //抓消息
		TranslateMessage(&nMsg);//翻译消息
		DispatchMessage(&nMsg);//派发消息：将消息交给窗口处理函数来处理。
	}

	return 0;
}
//需要在任务管理器中退出线程！