C# 委托实现多线程调用窗体

1、第一种方法:使用线程

功能描述:在用C#做WinFrom开发的过程中。我们经常需要用到进度条(ProgressBar)用于显示进度信息。这时候我们可能就需要用到多线程,如果不采用多线程控制进度条,窗口很容易假死(无法适时看到进度信息)。下面我就简单结合一个我写的例子给大家做一个介绍。
这里写图片描述
控件名称分别为:progressBar1;label1;richTextBox1;button1;
实现代码:

using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Test1
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 定义一个委托,用于更新ProgressBar的值(Value)及在执行方法的时候,返回方法的处理信息。
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ipos"></param>
        /// <param name="vinfo"></param>
        private delegate void SetPos(int ipos, string vinfo);//代理

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 进度条值更新函数(参数必须跟声明的代理参数一样)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ipos"></param>
        /// <param name="vinfo"></param>
        private void SetTextMessage(int ipos, string vinfo)
        {
            if (this.InvokeRequired)
            {
                SetPos setPos = new SetPos(SetTextMessage);
                this.Invoke(setPos, new object[] { ipos, vinfo });
            }
            else
            {
                this.label1.Text = ipos + "/1000";
                this.progressBar1.Value = Convert.ToInt32(ipos);
                this.richTextBox1.AppendText(vinfo);
            }
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Thread fThread = new Thread(new ThreadStart(SleepT));
            fThread.Start();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 新的线程执行函数
        /// </summary>
        private void SleepT()
        {
            for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(10);
                SetTextMessage(100 * i / 500, i + "\r\n");
            }
        }
    }
}

实现效果:
这里写图片描述

2、第二种方法

功能描述:该种方法通过控件backgroundWorker1实现进度条,进度条在一个模板窗体内。
主窗体设计:button1;backgroundWorker1;
这里写图片描述
进度条窗体设计:progressBar1;button1
这里写图片描述
主窗体实现代码:

using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Test2
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync();//运行backgroundWorker组件

            ProcessForm processForm = new ProcessForm(backgroundWorker1);//显示进度条窗体
            processForm.ShowDialog(this);
            processForm.Close();
        }

        private void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Error != null)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(e.Error.Message);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 实现调用,方法等
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
        {
            BackgroundWorker worker = sender as BackgroundWorker;
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(100);
                worker.ReportProgress(i);
                if (worker.CancellationPending)//如果用户取消则跳出数据代码
                {
                    e.Cancel = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

进度条窗体:

using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Test2
{
    public partial class ProcessForm : Form
    {
        private BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker1;// //ProcessForm 窗体事件(进度条窗体)

        public ProcessForm(BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker1)
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.backgroundWorker1 = backgroundWorker1;
            this.backgroundWorker1.ProgressChanged += new ProgressChangedEventHandler(backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged);
            this.backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerCompleted += new RunWorkerCompletedEventHandler(backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted);
        }

        private void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            this.Close();//执行完之后,直接关闭界面
        }

        private void backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            progressBar1.Value = e.ProgressPercentage;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 取消按钮
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            backgroundWorker1.CancelAsync();
            button1.Enabled = false;
            Close();
        }
    }
}

3、第三种方法

功能描述:在处理大量数据的时候,有时候方法的执行需要一定的时间,这时候往往会造成页面或程序的“假死”状态,给用户的体验度也不是很好。为了避免出现“假死”提高用户的体验度,在这里为这类型的方法加了一个进度条和一个文本框,进度条用于显示程序处理的进度,文本框用于显示在处理过程中,给与的提示。本方法主要使用了控件:backgroundWorker1;说明:本方法与上面的方法(方法二)基本类型,主要是设计和代码进行了一些修改。
主窗体设计:button1;backgroundWorker1;
这里写图片描述
对backgroundWorker1控件,属性设置:
这里写图片描述
主窗口后台代码:

using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Test3
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            this.backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerAsync();//运行 backgroundWorker 组件

            ProcessForm processForm = new ProcessForm(backgroundWorker1);
            processForm.ShowDialog(this);
            processForm.Close();
        }

        private void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Error != null)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(e.Error.Message);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 实现调用,方法等
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void backgroundWorker1_DoWork(object sender, DoWorkEventArgs e)
        {
            BackgroundWorker worker = sender as BackgroundWorker;
            for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
            {
                Thread.Sleep(100);
                worker.ReportProgress(i, i + "你好!\r\n"); //注意:这里向子窗体返回信息值,这里是两个值,一个用于进度条,一个用于文本框的。
                if (worker.CancellationPending)  //如果用户取消则跳出处理数据代码 
                {
                    e.Cancel = true;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

子窗体后台代码:

using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Test3
{
    public partial class ProcessForm : Form
    {
        private BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker1;//ProcessForm 窗体事件(进度条窗体)

        public ProcessForm(BackgroundWorker backgroundWorker1)
        {
            InitializeComponent();

            this.backgroundWorker1 = backgroundWorker1;
            this.backgroundWorker1.ProgressChanged +=  backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged;
            this.backgroundWorker1.RunWorkerCompleted += backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted;
        }

        private void backgroundWorker1_RunWorkerCompleted(object sender, RunWorkerCompletedEventArgs e)
        {
            //this.Close();//执行完之后,直接关闭窗口
        }

        private void backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            progressBar1.Value = e.ProgressPercentage;
            //richTextBox1.AppendText(e.UserState.ToString());//主窗体传过来的值,通过e.UserState.ToString()来接受
            richTextBox1.Text += e.UserState.ToString();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            backgroundWorker1.CancelAsync();
            button1.Enabled = false;
            Close();
        }
    }
}

注意:如果在程序为执行完,就点击取消的话,很有可能会报错的,这时候,你就修改一个方法:backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged
如下:

        private void backgroundWorker1_ProgressChanged(object sender, ProgressChangedEventArgs e)
        {
            progressBar1.Value = e.ProgressPercentage;
            //richTextBox1.AppendText(e.UserState.ToString());//主窗体传过来的值,通过e.UserState.ToString()来接受
            richTextBox1.Text += e.UserState.ToString();
        }

4、第四种方法:

功能描述:本方法实现进度条显示,方法执行信息反馈显示。用到的技术点为 线程与代理。
主窗口设计:button1;
这里写图片描述
子窗口设计:progressBar1;richtextBox1
这里写图片描述
主窗口后台代码:

using System.Threading;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Test4
{
    public partial class Form1 : Form
    {
        private Form2 _myProcessBar;//弹出的子窗体(用于显示进度条)
        private delegate bool IncreaseHandle(int nValue, string ninfo);//创建委托
        private IncreaseHandle _myIncrease;//声明委托,用于后面的实例化委托
        private int vMax = 100;//用于实例化进度条,可以根据自己的需要,自己改变

        public Form1()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)
        {
            Thread thdSub = new Thread(ThreadFun);
            thdSub.Start();
        }

        private void ThreadFun()
        {
            MethodInvoker mi = new MethodInvoker(ShowProcessBar);
            BeginInvoke(mi);
            Thread.Sleep(100);
            object objReturn = null;
            for (int i = 0; i < vMax; i++)
            {
                objReturn = Invoke(_myIncrease, new object[] { 2, i + "\r\n" });
                Thread.Sleep(50);
            }
        }

        private void ShowProcessBar()
        {
            _myProcessBar = new Form2(vMax);
            _myIncrease = new IncreaseHandle(_myProcessBar.Increase);
            _myProcessBar.ShowDialog();
            _myProcessBar = null;
        }
    }
}

子窗口后台代码:

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace Test4
{
    public partial class Form2 : Form
    {
        public Form2(int vMax)
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.progressBar1.Maximum = vMax;
        }

        public bool Increase(int nvalue, string ninfo)
        {
            if (nvalue > 0)
            {
                if (progressBar1.Value + nvalue < progressBar1.Maximum)
                {
                    progressBar1.Value += nvalue;
                    richTextBox1.AppendText(ninfo);
                    Application.DoEvents();
                    progressBar1.Update();
                    progressBar1.Refresh();
                    richTextBox1.Update();
                    richTextBox1.Refresh();
                    return true;
                }
                else
                {
                    progressBar1.Value = progressBar1.Maximum;
                    richTextBox1.AppendText(ninfo);
                    //this.Close();//执行完之后,自动关闭子窗体
                    return false;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }
    }
}
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