Go语言基础

数据类型

package main
  
import "fmt"
/*
%T 类型占位符
%v 值占位符
%d 整型占位符
%f 浮点类型占位符
%c 字符占位符
%s 字符串占位符
*/
func main() {

    var v1 = 123
    fmt.Printf("v1的类型是%T\n", v1)

    var v2 int = 123
    fmt.Printf("v2的类型是%T\n", v2)

    var v3 = 123.0
    fmt.Printf("v3的类型是%T\n", v3)

    var v4 float32 = 123.0
    fmt.Printf("v4的类型是%T\n", v4)

    var v5 = "好看"
    fmt.Printf("v5的类型是%T\n", v5)

    var v6 = '俏'
    fmt.Printf("v6的类型是%T\n", v6)
    fmt.Printf("v6的值是%v\n", v6)
    fmt.Printf("v6的字符值是%c\n", v6)
}

iota定义常量组

package main

/*
const (
	Sunday		= 0
	Monday 		= 1
	Tuesday 	= 2
	wednesday 	= 3
	Thursday 	= 4
	Friday 		= 5
	Saturday 	= 6
)
*/

/*
iota 从0开始，后面逐渐递增
iota 可以使用表达式，比如：
Sunday = iota + 1
*/
const (
	Sunday = iota
	Monday
	Tuesday
	wednesday
	Thursday
	Friday
	Saturday
)

math包的使用

package main

import (
	"math"
	"fmt"
)

func main() {
	// 绝对值
	var i = math.Abs(-1)
	fmt.Printf("i的类型%T, 值%v\n", i, i)

	// 四舍五入
	round := math.Round(3.6)
	fmt.Printf("round的类型%T, 值%v\n", round, round)

	// 整型浮点型转换
	n := 3
	m := float32(n)
	fmt.Printf("m的类型%T, 值%v\n", m, m)

	k := int(m)
	fmt.Printf("k的类型%T, 值%v\n", k, k)
	
	fmt.Println("3.14纯入 =", math.Ceil(3.14))
	fmt.Println("3.14纯舍 =", math.Floor(3.14))
}

选择结构if

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

	fmt.Println("请输入姓名:")

	var name string
	fmt.Scan(&name)

	// 选择结构if
	if name == "admin" {
		fmt.Println("admin来了")
	}else {
		fmt.Println("您的姓名是:", name)
	}
}

循环结构

package main

import (
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func main() {

	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		fmt.Println("i =", i)
	}

	// 无限循环
	for {
		time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
		fmt.Println("哈哈")
	}

}

函数

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {

	say("张三", 22)

	sayAll("张三", "李四", "王五")

	sayThem("张三", "李四", 22)

}

// 函数参数
func say(name string, age int) {

	fmt.Println("hello", name, ", age =", age)
}

/*
不定长参数
*/
func sayAll(names ...string) {
	fmt.Println("---------------------")
	
	for i := 0; i < len(names); i++ {
		fmt.Printf("hello %v, %v\n", i, names[i])
	}

	fmt.Println("---------------------")

	for i, name := range(names) {
		fmt.Printf("hello %v, %v \n", i, name)
	}
}

func sayThem(name1, name2 string, age int) {
	fmt.Println("---------------------")
	fmt.Println("hello", name1, name2, ", age =", age)
}