1、标识符
标识符命名规则:
- 标识符可以由字母、数字、下划线(_)和美元符号($)组成,不能以数字开头。
- 标识符严格区分大小写。
- 标识符不能是Java关键字和保留字。
- 标识符的命名最好反应其作用。
2、关键字
3、变量
变量命名规则:
- 满足标识符命名规则;
- 符合驼峰法命名规则;
- 尽量简单,做到见名知意;
- 变量名的长度没有限制;
驼峰命名法:
小驼峰式命名法:第一个单词以小写字母开始,第二个单词的首字母大写,例如:myName、aDog;
大驼峰式命名法:每一个单字的首字母都采用大写字母,例如:FirstName、LastName;
不过在程序员中还有一种命名法比较流行,就是用下划线“_”来连接所有的单词,比如send_message
4、数据类型
4.1 数据类型
- 基本数据类型(8种):byte、short、int、long、float、double、char、boolean
- 引用数据类型(3种): 数组、类、接口
- 级别从低到高为:byte,char,short(这三个平级)-->int-->float-->long-->double
- 自动类型转换:从低级别到高级别,系统自动转的
5、常量
5.1 定义
常量是一种特殊的变量,它的值被设定后,在程序运行过程中不允许改变,一般用大写字符
5.2 语法
final 常量名 = 值;
如:final String LOVE = "java";
5.3 定义方法
5.3.1 interface中定义常量
采用接口(Interface)的中变量默认为static final的特性。
public interface ConstantInterface {
String SUNDAY = "SUNDAY";
String MONDAY = "MONDAY";
String TUESDAY = "TUESDAY";
String WEDNESDAY = "WEDNESDAY";
String THURSDAY = "THURSDAY";
String FRIDAY = "FRIDAY";
String SATURDAY = "SATURDAY";
}
5.3.2 Enum定义常量
enum ConstantEnum {
SUNDAY, MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY, SATURDAY
}
5.3.3 普通类中定义常量
public class ConstantClassFunction {
private static final String SUNDAY = "SUNDAY";
private static final String MONDAY = "MONDAY";
private static final String TUESDAY = "TUESDAY";
private static final String WEDNESDAY = "WEDNESDAY";
private static final String THURSDAY = "THURSDAY";
private static final String FRIDAY = "FRIDAY";
private static final String SATURDAY = "SATURDAY";
public static String getSunday() {
return SUNDAY;
}
public static String getMonday() {
return MONDAY;
}
public static String getTuesday() {
return TUESDAY;
}
public static String getWednesday() {
return WEDNESDAY;
}
public static String getThursday() {
return THURSDAY;
}
public static String getFirday() {
return FRIDAY;
}
public static String getSaturday() {
return SATURDAY;
}
}
5.3.4 final class定义常量
public final class ConstantClassField {
public static final String SUNDAY = "SUNDAY";
public static final String MONDAY = "MONDAY";
public static final String TUESDAY = "TUESDAY";
public static final String WEDNESDAY = "WEDNESDAY";
public static final String THURSDAY = "THURSDAY";
public static final String FRIDAY = "FRIDAY";
public static final String SATURDAY = "SATURDAY";
}
6、转义字符