原理:生产者将消息交给交换机,交换机交给绑定的队列,队列有多个消费者监听,一条消息只能由一个消费者消费,这样就形成了资源竞争,谁的资源空闲大,争抢到的可能性就大。
使用场景:单发送多接收。一个发送端,多个接收端,如分布式的任务派发。为了保证消息发送的可靠性,不丢失消息,使消息持久化了。同时为了防止接收端在处理消息时down掉,只有在消息处理完成后才发送ack消息。
生产者
生产者连接到RabbitMQ Broker,将消息发送给Broker,Broker将消息存入对应队列。
<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
use PhpAmqpLib\Connection\AMQPStreamConnection;
use PhpAmqpLib\Message\AMQPMessage;
use PhpAmqpLib\Exchange\AMQPExchangeType;
$config = [
'host' => '127.0.0.1',
'vhost' => '/',
'port' => 5672,
'login' => 'guest',
'password' => 'guest',
];
//交换器名称
$exchange = 'work';
//队列名称
$queue = 'work';
try {
//建立连接到RabbitMQ服务器
$connection = new AMQPStreamConnection($config['host'], $config['port'], $config['login'], $config['password'], $config['vhost']);
//建立通道
$channel = $connection->channel();
//试探性声明一个交换机
$channel->exchange_declare($exchange, AMQPExchangeType::DIRECT, false, false, false);
//试探性声明一个队列
$channel->queue_declare($queue, false, false, false, false);
//队列绑定交换器
$channel->queue_bind($queue, $exchange);
//生产10条消息
for ($i = 0; $i < 10; $i++) {
$body = "工作模式下生成第【" . ($i + 1) . "】条消息";
$message = new AMQPMessage($body, ['content_type' => 'text/plain', 'delivery_mode' => AMQPMessage::DELIVERY_MODE_PERSISTENT]);
$channel->basic_publish($message, $exchange);
echo ' [x] Send ' . $body . "\n";
sleep(1);
}
$channel->close(); // 关闭通道
$connection->close(); // 关闭连接
} catch (Exception $e) {
die($e->getMessage());
}
消费者
消费者连接到RabbitMQ Broker,消费者向RabbitMQ Broker请求响应队列消息,RabbitMQ Broker回应并投递相应队列消息,消费者接收消息。
<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
use PhpAmqpLib\Connection\AMQPStreamConnection;
$config = [
'host' => '127.0.0.1',
'vhost' => '/',
'port' => 5672,
'login' => 'guest',
'password' => 'guest',
];
//队列名称
$queue = 'work';
try {
//建立连接到RabbitMQ服务器
$connection = new AMQPStreamConnection($config['host'], $config['port'], $config['login'], $config['password'], $config['vhost']);
//建立通道
$channel = $connection->channel();
//试探性声明一个队列
$channel->queue_declare($queue, false, false, false, false);
echo " [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C\n";
$callback = function ($msg) { // 回调函数
sleep(3);
//手动确认消息是否正常消费,保证消息消费的幂等。
$msg->delivery_info['channel']->basic_ack($msg->delivery_info['delivery_tag']);
echo ' [x] Received ', $msg->body, "\n";
};
//basic_qos方法设置参数prefetch_count = 1。这告诉RabbitMQ不要在一个时间给一个消费者多个消息(在处理和确认以前的消息之前,不要向消费者发送新消息。相反,它将发送给下一个仍然不忙的消费者)。
$channel->basic_qos(null, 1, null);
// basic_consume方法设置参数no_ack=false。告诉RabbitMQ消费消息需要手动确认。
$channel->basic_consume($queue, '', false, false, false, false, $callback);
while ($channel->is_consuming()) { // 循环获取消息
$channel->wait();
}
$channel->close();
$connection->close();
} catch (Exception $e) {
die($e->getMessage());
}