请求转发与响应重定向
1.理解
请求转发(RequestDispatcher):服务器收到请求后,从一个资源跳转到另一个资源的操作。
响应重定向(Redirect):客户端给服务器发请求,然后服务器发送重定向的状态码给客户端,同时客户端向服务器重新请求指定的地址。
2.主要区别
请求转发:
(1)浏览器地址栏不发生改变,不会变为目标地址
(2)请求转发是服务器的行为,整个转发的过程在服务器中完成
(3)整个过程是一次请求,一次响应
(4)各个资源共享Request域中的数据
(5)可以转发到WEB-INF目录下
(6)不可以访问工程以外的资源(如:http://www.baidu.com)
响应重定向:
(1)浏览器地址栏发生改变,变为目标地址
(2)重定向是浏览器的行为,通过响应对象HttpServletResponse来执行
(3)整个过程是两次请求,两次响应
(4)不共享Request域中数据
(5)不能访问WEB-INF目录下的资源
(6)可以访问工程外的资源(如:http://www.baidu.com)
3.底层原理以及代码实现
请求转发
示例代码:
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author CubeMonkey
* @create 2020-07-20 22:57
*/
@WebServlet("/service1")
public class Service1Servlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println(username+"用户正在处理业务一");
request.getRequestDispatcher("/service2").forward(request, response);
}
}
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author CubeMonkey
* @create 2020-07-20 23:03
*/
@WebServlet("/service2")
public class Service2Servlet extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
response.setContentType("text/html; charset=utf-8");
String username = request.getParameter("username");
System.out.println(username+"用户正在处理业务二");
response.getWriter().write(username+"完成了所有业务");
}
}
效果图示:
原理剖析:
响应重定向
示例代码
方案一:
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author CubeMonkey
* @create 2020-07-21 15:10
*/
@WebServlet("/servlet1")
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("当前执行的是servlet1");
response.setStatus(302);
response.setHeader("location","/ServletTest/servlet2");//这里的'/'指的是"http:localhost:8080/"
}
}
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author CubeMonkey
* @create 2020-07-21 15:10
*/
@WebServlet("/servlet2")
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("当前执行的是servlet2");
response.getWriter().println("This is home index");
}
}
方案二(推荐使用):
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author CubeMonkey
* @create 2020-07-21 15:10
*/
@WebServlet("/servlet1")
public class Servlet1 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("当前执行的是servlet1");
response.sendRedirect("/response/servlet2");
}
}
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
/**
* @author CubeMonkey
* @create 2020-07-21 15:10
*/
@WebServlet("/servlet2")
public class Servlet2 extends HttpServlet {
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("当前执行的是servlet2");
response.getWriter().println("This is home index");
}
}
效果图示:
原理剖析:
4.应用场景
若是前后两个页面有数据传递时,如查询了信息后需要将结果在页面显示时,用请求转发
若是实现页面跳转,如做了更新操作跳转到其他页面,用重定向。