使用 geotools 生成 shapefile

前言

使用 GeoTools 将存储在 csv 文件中的数据读出并写入 shapefile 文件，并保存到本地。

GeoTools：是一个开放原代码的 Java 库，提供用于地理空间数据的工具
shapefile 文件：用于描述几何体对象，点、折线与多边形。例如，Shapefile文件可以存储井、河流、湖泊等空间对象的几何位置。除了几何位置，shp文件也可以存储这些空间对象的属性，例如一条河流的名字，一个城市的温度等等。

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开发环境

• 操作系统：windows
• 集成开发环境：idea
• 使用编程语言：java
• 构建工具：gradle

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开发步骤

1. 使用 idea 新建一个空白的 gradle 项目。

   • 点击 Create New Project
     
   • 点击 Next ,设置项目名，设置项目所在路径
   • 点击 Finish , 等待构建完成，构建时间取决于网速。
     
   • 选中项目 新建代码存放目录。
     
   • 将四个目录全选，然后敲回车，就可以了。
     
   • 当前的项目结构
     

2. 在 build.gradle 中引入 GeoTools 依赖

   • 在 dependencies 语句块中加入

     implementation 'org.geotools:gt-shapefile:23-RC'
     implementation 'org.geotools:gt-epsg-hsql:23-RC'
     implementation 'org.geotools:gt-swing:23-RC'
     

   • 在 repositories 语句块中加入

     maven {
       url "https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/release/"
     }
     

   • 点击更新依赖
     [外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-JYXNsbwY-1597714161247)(images/geo-sync.png)]
   • 完整的 build.gradle 内容

         plugins {
             id 'java'
         }
     
         group 'org.example'
         version '1.0-SNAPSHOT'
     
         repositories {
             maven {
                 url "https://repo.osgeo.org/repository/release/"
             }
             mavenCentral()
         }
     
         dependencies {
             implementation 'org.geotools:gt-shapefile:23-RC'
             implementation 'org.geotools:gt-epsg-hsql:23-RC'
             implementation 'org.geotools:gt-swing:23-RC'
             testCompile group: 'junit', name: 'junit', version: '4.12'
         }
     

3. 创建工具类

    package org.example.tutorial;
   
    import java.io.BufferedReader;
    import java.io.File;
    import java.io.FileReader;
    import java.io.Serializable;
    import java.util.ArrayList;
    import java.util.HashMap;
    import java.util.List;
    import java.util.Map;
    import javax.swing.UIManager;
    import org.geotools.data.DataUtilities;
    import org.geotools.data.DefaultTransaction;
    import org.geotools.data.Transaction;
    import org.geotools.data.collection.ListFeatureCollection;
    import org.geotools.data.shapefile.ShapefileDataStore;
    import org.geotools.data.shapefile.ShapefileDataStoreFactory;
    import org.geotools.data.simple.SimpleFeatureCollection;
    import org.geotools.data.simple.SimpleFeatureSource;
    import org.geotools.data.simple.SimpleFeatureStore;
    import org.geotools.feature.simple.SimpleFeatureBuilder;
    import org.geotools.feature.simple.SimpleFeatureTypeBuilder;
    import org.geotools.geometry.jts.JTSFactoryFinder;
    import org.geotools.referencing.crs.DefaultGeographicCRS;
    import org.geotools.swing.data.JFileDataStoreChooser;
    import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Coordinate;
    import org.locationtech.jts.geom.GeometryFactory;
    import org.locationtech.jts.geom.Point;
    import org.opengis.feature.simple.SimpleFeature;
    import org.opengis.feature.simple.SimpleFeatureType;
   
    /**
    * This example reads data for point locations and associated attributes from a comma separated text
    * (CSV) file and exports them as a new shapefile. It illustrates how to build a feature type.
    *
    * <p>Note: to keep things simple in the code below the input file should not have additional spaces
    * or tabs between fields.
    */
    public class Csv2Shape {
   
        public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
            // Set cross-platform look & feel for compatability
            UIManager.setLookAndFeel(UIManager.getCrossPlatformLookAndFeelClassName());
   
            File file = JFileDataStoreChooser.showOpenFile("csv", null);
            if (file == null) {
                return;
            }
   
            /*
            * We use the DataUtilities class to create a FeatureType that will describe the data in our
            * shapefile.
            *
            * See also the createFeatureType method below for another, more flexible approach.
            */
            final SimpleFeatureType TYPE =
                    DataUtilities.createType(
                            "Location",
                            "the_geom:Point:srid=4326,"
                                    + // <- the geometry attribute: Point type
                                    "name:String,"
                                    + // <- a String attribute
                                    "number:Integer" // a number attribute
                    );
            System.out.println("TYPE:" + TYPE);
   
            /*
            * A list to collect features as we create them.
            */
            List<SimpleFeature> features = new ArrayList<>();
   
            /*
            * GeometryFactory will be used to create the geometry attribute of each feature,
            * using a Point object for the location.
            */
            GeometryFactory geometryFactory = JTSFactoryFinder.getGeometryFactory();
   
            SimpleFeatureBuilder featureBuilder = new SimpleFeatureBuilder(TYPE);
   
            try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file))) {
                /* First line of the data file is the header */
                String line = reader.readLine();
                System.out.println("Header: " + line);
   
                for (line = reader.readLine(); line != null; line = reader.readLine()) {
                    if (line.trim().length() > 0) { // skip blank lines
                        String tokens[] = line.split("\\,");
   
                        double latitude = Double.parseDouble(tokens[0]);
                        double longitude = Double.parseDouble(tokens[1]);
                        String name = tokens[2].trim();
                        int number = Integer.parseInt(tokens[3].trim());
   
                        /* Longitude (= x coord) first ! */
                        Point point = geometryFactory.createPoint(new Coordinate(longitude, latitude));
   
                        featureBuilder.add(point);
                        featureBuilder.add(name);
                        featureBuilder.add(number);
                        SimpleFeature feature = featureBuilder.buildFeature(null);
                        features.add(feature);
                    }
                }
            }
   
            /*
            * Get an output file name and create the new shapefile
            */
            File newFile = getNewShapeFile(file);
   
            ShapefileDataStoreFactory dataStoreFactory = new ShapefileDataStoreFactory();
   
            Map<String, Serializable> params = new HashMap<>();
            params.put("url", newFile.toURI().toURL());
            params.put("create spatial index", Boolean.TRUE);
   
            ShapefileDataStore newDataStore =
                    (ShapefileDataStore) dataStoreFactory.createNewDataStore(params);
   
            /*
            * TYPE is used as a template to describe the file contents
            */
            newDataStore.createSchema(TYPE);
   
            /*
            * Write the features to the shapefile
            */
            Transaction transaction = new DefaultTransaction("create");
   
            String typeName = newDataStore.getTypeNames()[0];
            SimpleFeatureSource featureSource = newDataStore.getFeatureSource(typeName);
            SimpleFeatureType SHAPE_TYPE = featureSource.getSchema();
            /*
            * The Shapefile format has a couple limitations:
            * - "the_geom" is always first, and used for the geometry attribute name
            * - "the_geom" must be of type Point, MultiPoint, MuiltiLineString, MultiPolygon
            * - Attribute names are limited in length
            * - Not all data types are supported (example Timestamp represented as Date)
            *
            * Each data store has different limitations so check the resulting SimpleFeatureType.
            */
            System.out.println("SHAPE:" + SHAPE_TYPE);
   
            if (featureSource instanceof SimpleFeatureStore) {
                SimpleFeatureStore featureStore = (SimpleFeatureStore) featureSource;
                /*
                * SimpleFeatureStore has a method to add features from a
                * SimpleFeatureCollection object, so we use the ListFeatureCollection
                * class to wrap our list of features.
                */
                SimpleFeatureCollection collection = new ListFeatureCollection(TYPE, features);
                featureStore.setTransaction(transaction);
                try {
                    featureStore.addFeatures(collection);
                    transaction.commit();
                } catch (Exception problem) {
                    problem.printStackTrace();
                    transaction.rollback();
                } finally {
                    transaction.close();
                }
                System.exit(0); // success!
            } else {
                System.out.println(typeName + " does not support read/write access");
                System.exit(1);
            }
        }
   
        /**
        * Prompt the user for the name and path to use for the output shapefile
        *
        * @param csvFile the input csv file used to create a default shapefile name
        * @return name and path for the shapefile as a new File object
        */
        private static File getNewShapeFile(File csvFile) {
            String path = csvFile.getAbsolutePath();
            String newPath = path.substring(0, path.length() - 4) + ".shp";
   
            JFileDataStoreChooser chooser = new JFileDataStoreChooser("shp");
            chooser.setDialogTitle("Save shapefile");
            chooser.setSelectedFile(new File(newPath));
   
            int returnVal = chooser.showSaveDialog(null);
   
            if (returnVal != JFileDataStoreChooser.APPROVE_OPTION) {
                // the user cancelled the dialog
                System.exit(0);
            }
   
            File newFile = chooser.getSelectedFile();
            if (newFile.equals(csvFile)) {
                System.out.println("Error: cannot replace " + csvFile);
                System.exit(0);
            }
   
            return newFile;
        }
   
        
    }
   

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项目运行结果

将数据读取出来，然后生成 shapefile 文件

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源码下载

利用GeoTools生成shapefile文件

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参考文献

GeoTools 官网