B样条曲线_二次b样条公式-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Glouds/article/details/50393135

参考文献

B样条曲线

给定 $n+m+1$ 个平面或空间顶点 $P_i (i=0，1，…，n+m)$ ，称为 $n$ 次参数曲线段：

P k, n (t) = \sum i = 0 n P i + k G i, n (t), t \in [0, 1]

$P_{k,n}(t)=\sum_{i=0}^nP_{i+k}G_{i,n}(t)\space,\space\space\space\space t\in[0,1]$ 为第

k $k$ 段

n $n$ 次B样条曲线段

(k=0，1，…，m) $(k=0，1，…，m)$ ，这些曲线段的全体称为

n $n$ 次B样条曲线，其顶点

Pi(i=0，1，…，n+m) $P_i(i=0，1，…，n+m)$ 所组成的多边形称为B样条曲线的特征多边形。其中，基函数

Gi,n(t) $G_{i,n}(t)$ 定义为：

G i, n (t) = 1 n ! \sum j = 0 n - i (- 1) j C j n + 1 (t + n - i - j) n t \in [0, 1], i = 0 ， 1 ， \dots ， n

$G_{i,n}(t)=\frac1{n!}\sum_{j=0}^{n-i}\left(-1\right)^jC_{n+1}^{j}\left(t+n-i-j\right)^n \\ t\in[0,1]\space,\space\space\space i=0，1，…，n$

二次B样条曲线

取 $n=2$ ，则有二次B样条曲线的基函数如下：

⎧ ⎩ ⎨ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪ G 0, 2 (t) = 1 2 (t - 1) 2 G 1, 2 (t) = 1 2 (- 2 t 2 + 2 t + 1) G 2, 2 (t) = 1 2 t 2

$\begin{cases} G_{0,2}(t)=\frac12(t-1)^2\\G_{1,2}(t)=\frac12(-2t^2+2t+1)\\ G_{2,2}(t)=\frac12t^2\end{cases}$
二次B样条曲线段

P0,2(t)=∑2i=0PiGi,2(t) $P_{0,2}(t)=\sum_{i=0}^2P_iG_{i,2}(t)$ 是一段抛物线。二次B样条曲线的矩阵表示为：

P 0, 2 (t) = 1 2 [1 t t 2] ⎡ ⎣ ⎢ 1 - 2 1 12 - 2 001 ⎤ ⎦ ⎥ ⎡ ⎣ ⎢ P 0 P 1 P 2 ⎤ ⎦ ⎥ t \in [0, 1]

$P_{0,2}(t)=\frac12\left[\begin{matrix}1 & t & t^2\end{matrix}\right]\left[ \begin{matrix} 1 & 1 & 0 \\ -2 & 2 & 0 \\ 1 & -2 & 1\end{matrix}\right] \left[ \begin{matrix} P_0 \\ P_1 \\P_2\end{matrix}\right] \ \ \ t\in[0,1]$
端点位置：

P 0, 2 (0) = 1 2 (P 0 + P 1) P 0, 2 (1) = 1 2 (P 1 + P 2)

$P_{0,2}(0)=\frac12\left(P_0+P_1\right)\\P_{0,2}(1)=\frac12\left(P_1+P_2\right)$

代码实现

#include <stdio.h>
#include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
#include <time.h>

using namespace cv;

void generatePointArray(int * x, int * y, int size, int minX, int maxX, int minY, int maxY) 
{
    srand((unsigned int) time(0));
    int bandX = maxX - minX;
    int bandY = maxY - minY;
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        x[i] = rand() % bandX + minX;
        y[i] = rand() % bandY + minY;
    }
}

void drawPointWithLine(Mat & board, int * x, int * y, int size)
{
    if (size < 1)
        return;
    circle(board, Point(x[0], y[0]), 2, Scalar(255, 0, 0), 1, CV_AA);
    int i;
    for (i = 1; i < size; i++) {
        line(board, Point(x[i-1], y[i-1]), Point(x[i], y[i]), Scalar(0, 255, 0), 1, CV_AA);
        circle(board, Point(x[i], y[i]), 2, Scalar(255, 0, 0), 1, CV_AA);
    }
}

void BSpline(Mat & board, int * x, int * y, int size) 
{
    if (size != 3)
        return;
    double t, delta = 1/100.0;
    int px = 0, py = 0;
    for (t = 0; t <= 1.0; t += delta) {
        /*** core code ***/
        double g0 = 0.5*(t - 1)*(t - 1);
        double g1 = 0.5*(-2*t*t + 2*t + 1);
        double g2 = 0.5*t*t;
        int _x = (int) (x[0]*g0 + x[1]*g1 + x[2]*g2);
        int _y = (int) (y[0]*g0 + y[1]*g1 + y[2]*g2);
        /*****************/

        if (t == 0)
            circle(board, Point(_x, _y), 2, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 1, CV_AA);
        else
            line(board, Point(px, py), Point(_x, _y), Scalar(0, 128, 255), 1, CV_AA);
        px = _x;
        py = _y;
    }
    if (t != 1.0)
        circle(board, Point((x[1] + x[2]) / 2, (y[1] + y[2]) / 2), 2, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 1, CV_AA);
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    int boardWidth = 400, boardHeight = 300;
    Mat board = Mat(boardHeight, boardWidth, CV_8UC3);
    memset(board.data, 255, boardHeight*boardWidth*3);

    int x[5], y[5];
    generatePointArray(x, y, 5, 0, boardWidth, 0, boardHeight);

    drawPointWithLine(board, x, y, 5);

    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < 3; i++)
        BSpline(board, x+i, y+i, 3);

    imshow("B-Spline", board);
    waitKey(0);
    return 0;
}