maven实例讲解

最近做项目需要用maven完成项目的build和打包，本人也是maven的新手，希望把自己的心得分享给大家。

 

项目的目录结构为maven的默认布局，这样省了很多配置的工作。我个人认为通过convention来简化配置也正是maven比ant进步的方面之一，也同时给开发者极大的方便。

src

main

jave - 源码

resources - 配置文件

assembly - assembly的自定义描述文件

test

java - 测试源码

resources - 测试配置文件

 

项目打包需求如下：

1. 生成project-name.jar

2. 把依赖的jar存在lib目录下

 

pom文件如下：

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>ESBIntegration</groupId> <artifactId>ESBIntegration</artifactId> <packaging>jar</packaging> <version>1.0</version> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <source>1.5</source> <target>1.5</target> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.2-beta-4</version> <configuration> <descriptors> <descriptor>src/main/assembly/dependencies-jar-only.xml</descriptor> <!-- <descriptor>src/main/assembly/jar-with-packed-dependencies.xml</descriptor> <descriptor>src/main/assembly/spring-bridge-only.xml</descriptor> <descriptor>src/main/assembly/cxf-bridge-only.xml</descriptor> --> </descriptors> <finalName>lib</finalName> <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId> <ignoreDirFormatExtensions>true</ignoreDirFormatExtensions> </configuration> <executions> <execution> <id>make-dependencies-jar-dir</id> <phase>package</phase> <goals> <goal>single</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> </plugin> </plugins> </build> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>3.8.1</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-logging</groupId> <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId> <version>1.1</version> <exclusions><!-- <exclusion> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> </exclusion>--> <exclusion> <groupId>logkit</groupId> <artifactId>logkit</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>avalon-framework</groupId> <artifactId>avalon-framework</artifactId> </exclusion> <exclusion> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId> </exclusion> </exclusions> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.activation</groupId> <artifactId>activation</artifactId> <version>1.1</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.sonic.esb</groupId> <artifactId>esb_sfc</artifactId> <version>1.1</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.sonic.esb</groupId> <artifactId>mgmt_client</artifactId> <version>7.6</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.sonic.esb</groupId> <artifactId>sonic_XMessage</artifactId> <version>7.6</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.sonic.esb</groupId> <artifactId>sonic_mgmt_client</artifactId> <version>7.6</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.sonic.esb</groupId> <artifactId>sonic_Client</artifactId> <version>7.6</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.sonic.esb</groupId> <artifactId>xq_core</artifactId> <version>7.6</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.sonic.esb</groupId> <artifactId>xq_container</artifactId> <version>7.6</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>2.0.7</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>2.0.7</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>2.0.7</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <repositories> <repository> <id>ATV.SOA.Repository</id> <name>ATV SOA Repository</name> <url>http://10.32.105.242/maven</url> </repository> </repositories> </project>  

 

 

pom文件本身比较简单，刚开始定义了这个项目的artifact的标识（group-artifactid-version-packege）。

由于项目需要使用java 1.5编译，所以通过配置“maven-compiler-plugin”插件，来强制maven使用1.5：

 

<plugin>

<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>

<configuration>

<source>1.5</source>

<target>1.5</target>

</configuration>

</plugin>

 

 

大家可以看到pom中有些依赖的scope设置成为provided，那是因为本项目的部署环境以及包含了这些依赖，为了避免冲突我们需要告诉maven这些依赖是运行时不需要的。

 

 

<dependency>

<groupId>com.sonic.esb</groupId>

<artifactId>sonic_XMessage</artifactId>

<version>7.6</version>

<scope>provided</scope>

</dependency>

 

打包麻烦的问题是要把运行时依赖的jar打包到lib目录下，这时我们就需要assembly插件了，这个插件预定义了四个描述文件，但是都不是我们需要的，最相近的就是“

 

<assembly>
  <id>jar-with-dependencies</id>
  <formats>
    <format>jar</format>
  </formats>
  <includeBaseDirectory>false</includeBaseDirectory>
  <dependencySets>
    <dependencySet>
      <unpack>true</unpack>
      <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependencySet>
  </dependencySets>
  <fileSets>
    <fileSet>
      <directory>${project.build.outputDirectory}</directory>
    </fileSet>
  </fileSets>
</assembly>

但是它不符合我们的需要，所以我创建一个自定义的描述文件，并对上面的描述做了修改，用来排除项目的artifact

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<assembly>
	<id>dependencies-jar</id>
	<formats>
		<format>dir</format>
	</formats>
	<includeBaseDirectory>false</includeBaseDirectory>
	<dependencySets>
		<dependencySet>
			<outputDirectory>/</outputDirectory>
			<excludes>
				<exclude>ESBIntegration:ESBIntegration</exclude>
			</excludes>
		</dependencySet>
	</dependencySets>
</assembly>

并在pom中配置assembly插件，使之把运行时的依赖存在lib目录下

<plugin>
		<artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
		<version>2.2-beta-4</version>
		 <configuration>
                    <descriptors>                    	
                   		<descriptor>src/main/assembly/dependencies-jar-only.xml</descriptor>
                    </descriptors>
                    <finalName>lib</finalName>
                    <appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>
                    <ignoreDirFormatExtensions>true</ignoreDirFormatExtensions>
                </configuration>
				<executions>
					<execution>
						<id>make-dependencies-jar-dir</id>
						<phase>package</phase>
						<goals>
							<goal>single</goal>
						</goals>
					</execution>
				</executions>
</plugin>

<finalName>lib</finalName>告诉assembly认为的打包名字为lib

<appendAssemblyId>false</appendAssemblyId>设置不要在lib后面加assembly任务的名字（这里是dependencies-jar）

<ignoreDirFormatExtensions>true</ignoreDirFormatExtensions>告诉maven如果打包结果是文件夹不要在名字后面加”.dir"后缀

以上配置的打包结果是：
target
	project-name-1.0.jar
	lib
		commons-logging.jar
		log4j.jar