图像遍历反色处理，遍历多通道图片

#include <opencv2/core/core.hpp>
#include <opencv2/highgui/highgui.hpp>
#include <iostream>
using namespace cv;
// 下标M.at<float>(i,j)  方法1-1
cv::Mat inverseColor1(cv::Mat srcImage)
{
	cv::Mat tempImage = srcImage.clone();
	int row = tempImage.rows;
	int col = tempImage.cols;
	// 分别对各个通道进行反色处理
	for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
		    tempImage.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[0] = 255 - tempImage.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[0];
		    tempImage.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[1] = 255 - tempImage.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[1];
		    tempImage.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[2] = 255 - tempImage.at<cv::Vec3b>(i, j)[2];
		}
	}
	return tempImage;
}
// 方法1-2 下标M::at<float>(i,j)  
cv::Mat inverseColor2(cv::Mat srcImage)
{
	cv::Mat tempImage = srcImage.clone();

	int row = tempImage.rows;
	// 图像像素行实际的宽度
	int step = tempImage.step;
	// 直接对像素进行反色处理
	for (int i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		for (int j = 0; j < step; j++)
		{
		    tempImage.at<uchar>(i, j) = 255 - tempImage.at<uchar>(i, j);
		}
	}	
	return tempImage;
}
// 方法2  指针遍历Mat::ptr
cv::Mat inverseColor3(cv::Mat srcImage)
{
	cv::Mat tempImage = srcImage.clone();
    int row = tempImage.rows;
    // 将3通道转换为单通道
    int nStep = tempImage.cols * tempImage.channels();
    for(int i = 0; i < row; i++) 
    {
        // 取源图像的指针
        const uchar* pSrcData = srcImage.ptr<uchar>(i);
        // 将输出数据指针存放输出图像
        uchar* pResultData = tempImage.ptr<uchar>(i);
        for(int j=0; j < nStep; j++)
         {
            pResultData[j]= cv::saturate_cast<uchar>(255 - pSrcData[j]);
         }
     }
	return tempImage;
}
// 方法3 使用迭代器MatConstIterator
cv::Mat inverseColor4(cv::Mat srcImage)
{
	cv::Mat tempImage = srcImage.clone();
	// 初始化源图像迭代器
	cv::MatConstIterator_<cv::Vec3b> srcIterStart  = srcImage.begin<cv::Vec3b>();
	cv::MatConstIterator_<cv::Vec3b> srcIterEnd = srcImage.end<cv::Vec3b>();
    // 初始化输出图像迭代器
	cv::MatIterator_<cv::Vec3b> resIterStart = tempImage.begin<cv::Vec3b>();
	cv::MatIterator_<cv::Vec3b> resIterEnd = tempImage.end<cv::Vec3b>();
	// 遍历图像反色处理
	while( srcIterStart != srcIterEnd )
	{
		 (*resIterStart)[0] = 255 - (*srcIterStart)[0];
		 (*resIterStart)[1] = 255 - (*srcIterStart)[1];
		 (*resIterStart)[2] = 255 - (*srcIterStart)[2];
		 // 迭代器递增
		 srcIterStart++;
		 resIterStart++;
	}
	return tempImage;
}

// 方法4 改进的指针方法isContinuous
cv::Mat inverseColor5(cv::Mat srcImage)
{
	int row = srcImage.rows;
	int col = srcImage.cols;
	cv::Mat tempImage = srcImage.clone();
	// 判断是否是连续图像，即是否有像素填充
	if( srcImage.isContinuous() && tempImage.isContinuous() )
	{
		row = 1;
		col = col * srcImage.rows * srcImage.channels();
	}
	// 遍历图像的每个像素
	for(int i = 0; i < row; i++)
	{
		const uchar* pSrcData = srcImage.ptr<uchar>(i);
		uchar* pResultData = tempImage.ptr<uchar>(i);
		for(int j = 0; j < col; j++)
		{
		    *pResultData++ = 255 - *pSrcData++;
		}
	}
	return tempImage;
}
// 方法5 LUT查表法
cv::Mat inverseColor6(cv::Mat srcImage)
{
	int row = srcImage.rows;
	int col = srcImage.cols;
	cv::Mat tempImage = srcImage.clone();
	// 建立LUT 反色table
	uchar LutTable[256];
    for (int i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
       LutTable[i] = 255 - i;
	cv::Mat lookUpTable(1, 256, CV_8U);
    uchar* pData = lookUpTable.data; 
    // 建立映射表
    for( int i = 0; i < 256; ++i)
        pData[i] = LutTable[i];
    // 应用索引表进行查找
    cv::LUT(srcImage, lookUpTable, tempImage);
	return tempImage;
}

int main()
{
	// 装载图像转为灰度图像
	cv::Mat srcImage = cv::imread("..\\images\\flower3.jpg");
	if (!srcImage.data)   
       return -1;
    cv::imshow("srcImage", srcImage);

    cv::Mat resultImg1,resultImg2,resultImg3;
    cv::Mat resultImg4,resultImg5,resultImg6;

    // 测试方法1-1
    double tTime;
    tTime = (double)getTickCount();
    const int nTimes = 100;
    for(int i  = 0;  i < nTimes; i++)
    {
    	resultImg1 = inverseColor1(srcImage);
    }
    tTime= 1000*((double)getTickCount() - tTime)/getTickFrequency();
    tTime /= nTimes;
    std::cout << "test1-1: "  << tTime << std::endl;
    // 测试方法1-2
    tTime = (double)getTickCount();
    for(int i  = 0;  i < nTimes; i++)
    {
    	resultImg2 = inverseColor2(srcImage);
    }
    tTime= 1000*((double)getTickCount() - tTime)/getTickFrequency();
    tTime /= nTimes;
    std::cout << "test1-2: "  << tTime << std::endl;
    // 测试方法2
    tTime = (double)getTickCount();
    for(int i  = 0;  i < nTimes; i++)
    {
    	resultImg3 = inverseColor3(srcImage);
    }
    tTime= 1000*((double)getTickCount() - tTime)/getTickFrequency();
    tTime /= nTimes;
    std::cout << "test2: "  << tTime << std::endl;
    // 测试方法3
    tTime = (double)getTickCount();
    for(int i  = 0;  i < nTimes; i++)
    {
    	resultImg4 = inverseColor4(srcImage);
    }
    tTime= 1000*((double)getTickCount() - tTime)/getTickFrequency();
    tTime /= nTimes;
    std::cout << "test3: "  << tTime << std::endl;
     // 测试方法4
    tTime = (double)getTickCount();
    for(int i  = 0;  i < nTimes; i++)
    {
    	resultImg5 = inverseColor5(srcImage);
    }
    tTime= 1000*((double)getTickCount() - tTime)/getTickFrequency();
    tTime /= nTimes;
    std::cout << "test4: "  << tTime << std::endl;
     // 测试方法5
    tTime = (double)getTickCount();
    for(int i  = 0;  i < nTimes; i++)
    {
    	resultImg6 = inverseColor5(srcImage);
    }
    tTime= 1000*((double)getTickCount() - tTime)/getTickFrequency();
    tTime /= nTimes;
    std::cout << "test5: "  << tTime << std::endl;
  
    cv::imshow("resultImg1", resultImg1);
    cv::imshow("resultImg2", resultImg2);
    cv::imshow("resultImg3", resultImg3);
    cv::imshow("resultImg4", resultImg4);
    cv::imshow("resultImg5", resultImg5);
    cv::imshow("resultImg6", resultImg6);
  
    cv::waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

转载：http://blog.csdn.net/zhuwei1988