python网络编程

一、Socket应用：

服务器：

sockt -->bind-->listen-->accept-->send-->recv-->close

客户端：

socket-->bind-->connect-->send-->recv-->close

#filename:simple_server.py
#encoding=utf-8
import socket

s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM) #生成socket对象
#                   地址族         套接字类型    协议默认为0

host = socket.gethostname() #获取主机名称
port = 1234   #设置端口号
s.bind((host,port))#绑定socket地址

s.listen(10) #开始监听

while True:
    c,addr = s.accept() #接受一个连接    
    print('Get connection from',addr)
    c.send(b"this is a simple server")#发送数据
    c.close()

使用SocketServer模块

#filename: TCP_socket_server.py
from socketserver import TCPServer,StreamRequestHandler

class MyHandler(StreamRequestHandler):

    def handler(self):
        addr = self.request.getpeername()
        print('Get connection from', addr)
        self.wfile.write(b'This is a tcp socket server')

host = '192.168.43.167'
port = 1234
server = TCPServer((host, port), MyHandler)

server.serve_forever()

客户端构建：

#encoding=utf-8
import socket
s=socket.socket()
server = socket.gethostname()
port = 1234
s.connect((server,port))
print (s.recv(1024))
s.close()

二、异步通信方式：

    1.使用Fork（进程）方式：

         FrokingMixIn 每次接受到新的连接时，创建新的进程。

    2.使用线程方式：

        ThreadingMixIn 利用多线程实现异步

    3.使用异步IO方式：

    select：

#filename; select_ex.py
import socket, select

s = socket.socket()
host = socket.gethostname()
port = 1234
s.bind((host, port))
s.listen(5)

inputs = [s]

while True:
    rs, ws, es =select.select(inputs, [], [])
    for r in rs:
        if r is s:
            c, addr = s.accept()
            print('Get connection from', addr)
            inputs.append(c)
        else:
            try:
                data = r.recv(1024)
                disconnected = not data
            except socket.error:
                disconnected = True

            if disconnected:
                print(r.getpeername(), 'disconnected')
                inputs.remove(r)
            else:
                print(data)   

    4.使用asyncore模块：

#filename: asyncore_ex.py

import asyncore, socket

class HttpClient(asyncore.dispatcher):

    def __init__(self,host, path):
        asyncore.dispatcher.__init__(self)
        self.create_socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
        self.connect((host, 80))
        self.buffer = 'GET %s HTTP/1.0\r\n\r\n' % path

        def handle_connect(self):
            pass
        def handle_close(self):
            self.close()
        def handle_write(self):
            sent = self.send(self.buffer)
            self.buffer = self.buffer[sent:]
        def writable(self):
            return (len(self.buffer)>0)

if __name__ =='__main__':
c = HttpClient('www.baidu.com','/')
asyncore.loop()

Twisted网络框架

#filename : twisted_server_1.py
from twisted.internet import reactor
from twisted.internet.protocol import Protocol, Factory

class SimpleServer(Protocol):
    def connectionMade(self):
        print('Get connection from',self.transport.client)
    def connectionLost(self, reason):
        print(self.transport.client, 'disconnected')
    def dataReceived(self):
        print(data)
factory = Factory()
factory.protocol = SimpleServer  
port =1234
reactor.listenTCP(port, factory)
reactor.run()

twisted.protocols.basic中包含LineReceiver 实现整行接收处理

服务器端发送给客户端信息：

Protocol.transport.write()

限制接入的客户端数量

def connectionMade(self):
    print('Get connection from', self.transport.client)
    self.factory.numProtocols = self.factory.numProtocols+1
    if self.factory.numProtocols >5:
        self.transport.write("too many connections, try later")
        self.transport.loseconnection()

练习：简单的聊天程序

server.py

import socket
host = socket.gethostname()
port = 12345
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.bind((host,port))
s.listen(1)
sock,addr = s.accept()
print('Connection built')
info = sock.recv(1024).decode()
while info != 'exit':
    print('Client:'+info)
    send_mes = input()
    sock.send(send_mes.encode())
    if send_mes =='exit':
        break
    info = sock.recv(1024).decode()
sock.close()
s.close()

    client.py

import socket
s= socket.socket()
host = socket.gethostname()
port = 12345
s.connect((host,port))
print('Linked')
info = ''
while info != 'exit':
    print('Server:'+info)
    send_mes=input()
    s.send(send_mes.encode())
    if send_mes =='exit':
        break
    info = s.recv(1024).decode()
s.close()