Java多线程 Learn
Learn from kuangshen
概述
JavaThread 类
多任务:吃饭玩手机
1、Theard 进程:系统中运行的程序,比如:QQ, 播放器,游戏等,一个进程包含多个线程 Process。
2、线程,是独立的执行路径,如main()函数。
线程创建
线程开启后,不一定立刻执行,由CPU调度。
//创建线程。run()是线程体, 执行testThread1.start();开启
//testThread1.run();会执行完run(),再进入下一句
public class TestThread extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//main线程
TestThread testThread1 = new TestThread();
testThread1.start(); //开启线程,run()函数开始,但main会同时进入下一步
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程"+i);
}
}
}
多线程下载图片
可能遇到证书问题,参考解决方法
还需要关闭系统网络代理
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
public class TestThread extends Thread{
private String url; //图片下载路径
private String filename; //图片保存名称
public TestThread(String url, String filename) {
this.url = url;
this.filename = filename;
}
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
try {
webDownloader.downloader(url,filename);
System.out.println("下载文件名为:"+filename);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("下载失败!。。");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread t1 = new TestThread("https://www.kuangstudy.com/assert/images/indexlogo.png","1.jpg");
TestThread t2 = new TestThread("https://www.kuangstudy.com/assert/images/indexlogo.png","2.jpg");
TestThread t3 = new TestThread("https://www.kuangstudy.com/assert/images/indexlogo.png","3.jpg");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}
class WebDownloader{
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url,String filename)throws Exception{
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url),new File(filename));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现异常!");
}
}
}
Runable接口
public class Thread3 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建runable接口的现实对象
Thread3 thread3 = new Thread3();
//创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启线程,代理Thread
// Thread thread = new Thread(thread3);
// thread.start();
new Thread(thread3).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程"+i);
}
}
}
并发问题
存在多个线程操作同一个资源情况下,线程不安全,数据紊乱。
public class Thread4 implements Runnable{
//票数
private int ticketNums=10;
@Override
public void run() {
while(true)
{
if (ticketNums<=0){break;}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+ "-->拿到了第 "+ticketNums--+" 张票"); }
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread4 ticket = new Thread4();
new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
new Thread(ticket,"小红").start();
new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
}
}
龟兔赛跑
两个线程比喻为兔子和乌龟,其中线程暂停比喻为兔子休息。
public class Race implements Runnable{
private static String winner;
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 1; i < 300; i++) {
if(Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("rabbit") && i%11==0){
try {
Thread.sleep(10);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
boolean flag = gameOver(i);
if (!flag) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->跑了" + i + "步!");
}
else{
break;
}
}
}
//判断比赛是否完成
private boolean gameOver(int steps){
if(winner!=null){
return true;
}else if(steps>=20){
winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("winner is " + winner + " !");
return true;
}
return false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Race race = new Race();
new Thread(race,"rabbit").start();
new Thread(race,"tortoise").start();
}
}
Callable
线程池:1、创建执行服务;2、提交执行;3、获取结果;4、关闭服务
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静待代理
真实对象与代理对象都要实现同一个接口interface
代理对象要代理真实对象,必须调用真实对象。
好处:代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情。真实对象只做自己的事情。
public class StaticProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
You you = new You();//创建真实对象
MarryCompany marryCompany = new MarryCompany(you);
marryCompany.HappyMarry();
}
}
interface Marry{
void HappyMarry();
}
//真实对象
class You implements Marry{
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
System.out.println(" Marry ing!");
}
}
//代理对象
class MarryCompany implements Marry{
private Marry target;
public MarryCompany(Marry target){//传递一个真实角色
this.target = target;
}
@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
System.out.println("结婚之前,布置场景!");
this.target.HappyMarry(); //调用真实对象
System.out.println("结婚之后,收尾款!");
}
}
Lamdba表达式
使用原因:避免内部类定义过多,使代码简洁。
函数式接口:只包含唯一一个抽象方法的接口。Runable是一个例子。
lambda使用于函数式接口。
public class TestLamdba1 {
//3.静态内部类
static class Like2 implements ILike{
@Override
public void lamdba() {
System.out.println("learn Lambda!");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ILike like = new Like();
like.lamdba(); //I Like Lambda!
like = new Like2();
like.lamdba(); //learn Lambda!
//4.局部内部类
class Like3 implements ILike{
@Override
public void lamdba() {
System.out.println("learn Lambda333!");
}
}
like = new Like3();
like.lamdba(); //learn Lambda333!
//5.匿名内部类。没有类的名称,必须借助接口或父类
like = new ILike() {
@Override
public void lamdba() {
System.out.println("learn Lambda 55");
}
};
like.lamdba(); //learn Lambda 55
//6.用lambda简化
like = ()-> {
System.out.println("learn Lambda 66");
};
//调用interface中的方法,方法内容是上一行{}内的代码
// learn Lambda 66
like.lamdba();
}
}
//1.定义一个函数式接口,只有一个抽象方法的接口
interface ILike{
void lamdba();
}
//2.实现类
class Like implements ILike{
@Override
public void lamdba() {
System.out.println("I Like Lambda!");
}
}
//简化
public class TestLambda2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.lambda表示简化
Alike like = (int a)->{
System.out.println("learn lambda "+a);
};
//简化1.参数类型
like =(a)->{
System.out.println("learn lambda simple1"+a);
};
//简化2.去掉大括号,因为只有一行代码
like = (a)-> System.out.println("learn lambda simple2");
like.like(52);
}
}
interface Alike{
void like(int a);
}
线程五大状态
//1、创建;
Thread t = new Thread();
//2、就绪;
start();//线程进入就绪,但不意味着CPU立刻调度执行
//3、运行;
//CPU运行线程中的代码
//4、阻塞;
sleep();wait();等。线程中的代码不继续执行时
//5、死亡;
//线程中断或者结束,一旦进入死亡,不能再次启动
线程方法
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线程停止
使用一个标志位进行终止变量,当flag=false,则终止线程运行。
利用次数,不建议死循环。
不使用stop()和destory()等JDK不推荐的方法。
public class TestStop implements Runnable{
private boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
int i=0;
while(flag){
System.out.println("Running....Thread"+i++);
}
}
//创建一个stop()
public void stop(){
this.flag = false;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("running main thread"+i);
if (i==15){
testStop.stop();
System.out.println("线程停止。。。");
}
}
}
}
线程休眠
sleep();
1、模拟网络延时,提高线程安全性
public class TestSleep implements Runnable{
//票数
private int ticketNums=10;
@Override
public void run() {
while (ticketNums > 0) {
try {
//模拟网络延时,提高线程安全性
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->拿到了第 " + ticketNums-- + " 张票");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread4 ticket = new Thread4();
new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
new Thread(ticket,"小红").start();
new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
}
}
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep2 implements Runnable{
public void tenDown(){
int num = 10;
Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
do {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(num--);
} while (num >= 0);
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestSleep2 testSleep2 = new TestSleep2();
new Thread(testSleep2).start();
}
@Override
public void run() {
tenDown();
}
}
线程礼让
Thread.yield();
//测试礼让,不一定成功,看CPU调度
public class TestYield implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("线程开始 "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
Thread.yield();
System.out.println("线程终止 "+Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestYield testYield = new TestYield();
new Thread(testYield,"a").start();
new Thread(testYield,"b").start();
}
}
Join合并线程
thread.join();
其它线程先让插队线程执行完,再执行。
//插队
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("线程VIP:"+i);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
if (i==20){
thread.join();
}
System.out.println("main thread :"+i);
}
}
}
线程状态观测
Thread.getState();
public class TestState {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("/");
});
//观察状态
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state); //NEW
//观察启动后
thread.start();
state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state); //RUNABLE
while(state != Thread.State.TERMINATED){ //只要线程不终止,就一直输出状态
Thread.sleep(100);
state = thread.getState(); //更新线程状态
System.out.println(state); //TIMED_WAITING 或 RUNABLE
}
}
}
线程优先级
大多数情况下,优先级高的先跑。
Thread.NORM_PRIORITY=5
Thread.MIN_PRIORITY=1
Thread.MAX_PRIORITY=10
public class TestPriority
{
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();
Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority, "t1");
Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority, "t2");
Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority, "t3");
Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority, "t4");
//先设置优先级再启动
t1.start();
t2.setPriority(1);
t2.start();
t3.setPriority(4);
t3.start();
t4.setPriority(8);
t4.start();
}
}
class MyPriority implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}
线程守护
应用于:后台记录操作日志,监控内存,垃圾回收等。
public class TestDaemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god = new God();
Persons persons = new Persons();
Thread thread = new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true);//默认false表示用户线程,一般的线程都是用户线程
thread.start();
System.out.println(thread.getState()+" 是守护线程状态");
Thread person1 = new Thread(persons);
person1.start();//用户线程启动,
System.out.println(person1.getState()+" 是被守护线程状态");
}
}
//God
class God implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
while(true) {
System.out.println("上帝保佑!");
}
}
}
//Persons
class Persons implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 50; i++) {
System.out.println("每天开心的活着!");
}
}
}
线程同步
并发:对各线程访问同一个对象。
线程同步其实是一种等待机制,多个线程在对象等待池形成队列,等前面一个线程使用完毕,下一个线程再使用。
队列+锁
//抢票
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();
new Thread(station,"小明").start();
new Thread(station,"小红").start();
new Thread(station,"小白").start();
}
}
class BuyTicket implements Runnable{
private int ticketNums = 10;
boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
while(flag) {
buy();
}
}
//synchronized 方法同步,锁的是this
private synchronized void buy(){
if(ticketNums<=0){
flag=false;
}
else{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+
" 买到票!"+ticketNums--);
}
}
}
同步块
锁住增,删,改的操作!!Obj
synchronized(Obj){
}
package syn;
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Account account = new Account(1000, "基金");
Drawing t1 = new Drawing(account,50,"小明");
Drawing t2 = new Drawing(account,100,"小红");
t1.start();
t2.start();
}
}
//账户
class Account{
int money;
String name;
public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}
//银行
class Drawing extends Thread{
Account account;
int drawingMoney;
int nowMoney;
public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney= drawingMoney;
}
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized(account){
//判断有没有钱
if(account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"想取钱,但是余额不足");
return;
}
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
//卡余额 = 余额-取款
account.money = account.money-drawingMoney;
nowMoney = nowMoney+drawingMoney;
System.out.print(this.getName()+"取了"+drawingMoney);
System.out.println(account.name+ " 账户余额:"+account.money+"!");
//this.getName()=Thread.currentThread().getName() 是继承了Thread,所以有这个方法。
}
}
}
JUC
测试CopyOnWriteArrayList
//测试 JUC 安全类型的集合
public class TestJUC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
try {
Thread.sleep(20);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}
死锁
例子:两个人化妆,口红和镜子是两个事件。g1调用口红延迟2秒再去调用镜子,期间g2已经调用镜子,g1会等待g2调用完,但是g2正在等g1的口红。于是陷入死锁。
产生死锁的条件:
1、互斥条件,一个资源只能被一个进程使用
2、请求与保持条件,一个进程因请求资源而阻塞时,对以获得的资源保持不放。
3、不剥夺条件,进程以获得的资源,在未使用完之前,不能强行剥夺。
4、循环等待条件,若干进程之间形成一种头尾相接的循环等待资源关系。
//死锁:多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源,然后形成僵持
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0,"灰姑娘");
Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1,"白雪公主");
g1.start();
g2.start();
}
}
//口红
class Lipstick{
}
//镜子
class Mirror{
}
class Makeup extends Thread{
static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();
int choice;//选择
String name;//选择化妆品的人
public Makeup(int choice, String name) {
this.choice = choice;
this.name = name;
}
@Override
public void run() {
//方法:化妆
makeup();
}
//化妆,互相持有对方的锁,就是对方的资源
private void makeup(){
if(choice==0){
synchronized (lipstick){
System.out.println(this.name+"获得口红的锁");
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (mirror){//1秒后获得镜子
System.out.println(this.name+"获得镜子的锁");
}
}
}else{
synchronized (mirror){
System.out.println(this.name+"获得镜子的锁");
try {
Thread.sleep(2000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
synchronized (lipstick){
System.out.println(this.name+"获得口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
}
Lock锁
使用try finally加锁和解锁。
Lock只有代码块锁,Synchronized有代码块锁和方法锁。
//测试Lock锁
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
}
}
class TestLock2 implements Runnable{
int ticketNums=10;
// 定义lock
private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();
@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
lock.lock();
if (ticketNums>0){
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(ticketNums--);
}
else{
break;
}
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}
生产者模式
1、管程法:生产者-----数据缓冲区-----消费者
2、信号灯法,用flag协调
//测试:生产消费者模型。--->利用缓冲区解决:管程法
//生产者,消费者,产品。
public class TestPC {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer container = new SynContainer();
new Productor(container).start();
new Consumer(container).start();
}
}
//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Productor(SynContainer container) {
this.container = container;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
System.out.println("生产了第"+i+"只鸡!");
container.push(new Chicken(i));
}
}
}
//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Consumer(SynContainer container) {
this.container = container;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 30; i++) {
System.out.println("消费了第"+container.pop().id+"只鸡!");
}
}
}
//产品
class Chicken{
int id; //产品编号
public Chicken(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}
//缓冲区
class SynContainer{
//需要一个容器大小
Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
//容器计数器
int count = 0;
//生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
//如果容器满了,就要停止,等待消费着消费
if(count==chickens.length){
//通知消费者,同时生产停止
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果没有满,就push产品
chickens[count] = chicken;
count++;
this.notifyAll();//通知消费着消费
}
//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Chicken pop(){
//判断能否消费
if(count==0){
//等待生产
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
count--;
Chicken chicken = chickens[count];
this.notifyAll();//吃了,通知生产者生产
return chicken;
}
}
信号灯法测试。
public class TestPC2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv =new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}
//生产者--演员
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Player(TV tv) {
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run(){
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if(i%2==0){
this.tv.play("小猪佩奇播放中!");
}
else{
this.tv.play("奥特曼播放中!");
}
}
}
}
//消费者--观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Watcher(TV tv) {
this.tv = tv;
}
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
tv.watch();
}
}
}
//产品--节目
class TV{
String voice;
boolean flag = true;
//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice){
if(!flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了"+voice);
this.notifyAll();//通知观众
this.voice = voice;
this.flag = !flag;
}
public synchronized void watch(){
if(flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观众观看了:"+voice);
this.notifyAll();//通知演员
this.flag = !flag;
}
}
线程池
背景:经常创建和销毁、使用特别大的资源,比如并发情况下的线程,对性能影响特别大。
思路:提前创建好多个线程,放入线程池中,使用时直接获取,使用完放回池中。可以避免频繁创建和销毁,实现重复利用。类似生活中的交通工具。
好处:
1、提高响应速度,减少了创建新线程的时间
2、降低资源消耗,重复利用线程池中线程,不需要每次创建
3、便于线程管理。(a) corePoolSize 线程池的大小;(b) maximumPoolSize 最大线程数;© KeepAliveTime 线程没有任务时最多保持多长时间后会终止。
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.创建服务,创建线程池
//newFixedThreadPool 参数为:线程池大小
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//2.关闭链接
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}
= !flag;
}
}
## 线程池
背景:经常创建和销毁、使用特别大的资源,比如并发情况下的线程,对性能影响特别大。
思路:提前创建好多个线程,放入线程池中,使用时直接获取,使用完放回池中。可以避免频繁创建和销毁,实现重复利用。类似生活中的交通工具。
好处:
1、提高响应速度,减少了创建新线程的时间
2、降低资源消耗,重复利用线程池中线程,不需要每次创建
3、便于线程管理。(a) corePoolSize 线程池的大小;(b) maximumPoolSize 最大线程数;(c) KeepAliveTime 线程没有任务时最多保持多长时间后会终止。
```java
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.创建服务,创建线程池
//newFixedThreadPool 参数为:线程池大小
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
//2.关闭链接
service.shutdown();
}
}
class MyThread implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}
}