Scrapy爬虫框架使用IP代理池

一、手动更新IP池

方法一：

1.在settings配置文件中新增IP池:

IPPOOL=[  
    {"ipaddr":"61.129.70.131:8080"},  
    {"ipaddr":"61.152.81.193:9100"},  
    {"ipaddr":"120.204.85.29:3128"},  
    {"ipaddr":"219.228.126.86:8123"},  
    {"ipaddr":"61.152.81.193:9100"},  
    {"ipaddr":"218.82.33.225:53853"},  
    {"ipaddr":"223.167.190.17:42789"}  
]

这些IP可以从这个几个网站获取:快代理、代理66、有代理、西刺代理、guobanjia。如果出现像下面这种提示:“由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败”或者是这种，” 由 于目标计算机积极拒绝，无法连接。”. 那就是IP的问题，更换就行了。。。。发现上面好多IP都不能用。。

2017-04-16 12:38:11 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry] DEBUG: Retrying <GET http://news.sina.com.cn/> (failed 1 times): TCP connection timed out: 10060: 由于连接方在 一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。.  
this is ip:182.241.58.70:51660  
2017-04-16 12:38:32 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry] DEBUG: Retrying <GET http://news.sina.com.cn/> (failed 2 times): TCP connection timed out: 10060: 由于连接方在 一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。.  
this is ip:49.75.59.243:28549  
2017-04-16 12:38:33 [scrapy.crawler] INFO: Received SIGINT, shutting down gracefully. Send again to force  
2017-04-16 12:38:33 [scrapy.core.engine] INFO: Closing spider (shutdown)  
2017-04-16 12:38:50 [scrapy.extensions.logstats] INFO: Crawled 0 pages (at 0 pages/min), scraped 0 items (at 0 items/min)  
2017-04-16 12:38:53 [scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.retry] DEBUG: Gave up retrying <GET http://news.sina.com.cn/> (failed 3 times): TCP connection timed out: 10060: 由于 连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。.  
2017-04-16 12:38:54 [scrapy.core.scraper] ERROR: Error downloading <GET http://news.sina.com.cn/>  
Traceback (most recent call last):  
  File "f:\software\python36\lib\site-packages\twisted\internet\defer.py", line 1299, in _inlineCallbacks  
    result = result.throwExceptionIntoGenerator(g)  
  File "f:\software\python36\lib\site-packages\twisted\python\failure.py", line 393, in throwExceptionIntoGenerator  
    return g.throw(self.type, self.value, self.tb)  
  File "f:\software\python36\lib\site-packages\scrapy\core\downloader\middleware.py", line 43, in process_request  
    defer.returnValue((yield download_func(request=request,spider=spider)))  
twisted.internet.error.TCPTimedOutError: TCP connection timed out: 10060: 由于连接方在一段时间后没有正确答复或连接的主机没有反应，连接尝试失败。. 

在Scrapy中与代理服务器设置相关的下载中间件是HttpProxyMiddleware，对应的类为:

这里写代码片

2.修改中间件文件middlewares.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-  

# Define here the models for your spider middleware  
#  
# See documentation in:  
# http://doc.scrapy.org/en/latest/topics/spider-middleware.html  

import random  
from scrapy import signals  
from youx.settings import IPPOOL  

class MyproxiesSpiderMiddleware(object):  

      def __init__(self,ip=''):  
          self.ip=ip  

      def process_request(self, request, spider):  
          thisip=random.choice(IPPOOL)  
          print("this is ip:"+thisip["ipaddr"])  
          request.meta["proxy"]="http://"+thisip["ipaddr"]  

3.在settings中设置DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'youx.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': None,
    'youx.middlewares.MyproxiesSpiderMiddleware': 125
} 

方法二：

middlewares.py：

import base64
import random
from scrapy import signals

PROXIES = [
    {'ip_port': '61.160.233.8', 'user_pass': ''},
    {'ip_port': '125.93.149.186', 'user_pass': ''},
    {'ip_port': '58.38.86.181', 'user_pass': ''},
    {'ip_port': '119.142.86.110', 'user_pass': ''},
    {'ip_port': '124.161.16.89', 'user_pass': ''},
    {'ip_port': '61.160.233.8', 'user_pass': ''},
    {'ip_port': '101.94.131.237', 'user_pass': ''},
    {'ip_port': '219.157.162.97', 'user_pass': ''},
    {'ip_port': '61.152.89.18', 'user_pass': ''},
    {'ip_port': '139.224.132.192', 'user_pass': ''}
]
class ProxyMiddleware(object):
    def process_request(self, request, spider):
        proxy = random.choice(PROXIES)
        if proxy['user_pass'] is not None:
            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://%s" % proxy['ip_port']
            encoded_user_pass = base64.encodestring(proxy['user_pass'])
            request.headers['Proxy-Authorization'] = 'Basic ' + encoded_user_pass
        else:
            request.meta['proxy'] = "http://%s" % proxy['ip_port']

settings.py：

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
#    'youx.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,
    'youx.middlewares.ProxyMiddleware': 700,
    'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware': None,
}

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/rwxwsblog/p/4575894.html

二、自动更新IP池

这里写个自动获取IP的类proxies.py，执行一下把获取的IP保存到txt文件中去:

# *-* coding:utf-8 *-*  
import requests  
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup  
import lxml  
from multiprocessing import Process, Queue  
import random  
import json  
import time  
import requests  

class Proxies(object):  


    """docstring for Proxies"""  
    def __init__(self, page=3):  
        self.proxies = []  
        self.verify_pro = []  
        self.page = page  
        self.headers = {  
        'Accept': '*/*',  
        'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/45.0.2454.101 Safari/537.36',  
        'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate, sdch',  
        'Accept-Language': 'zh-CN,zh;q=0.8'  
        }  
        self.get_proxies()  
        self.get_proxies_nn()  

    def get_proxies(self):  
        page = random.randint(1,10)  
        page_stop = page + self.page  
        while page < page_stop:  
            url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nt/%d' % page  
            html = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers).content  
            soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')  
            ip_list = soup.find(id='ip_list')  
            for odd in ip_list.find_all(class_='odd'):  
                protocol = odd.find_all('td')[5].get_text().lower()+'://'  
                self.proxies.append(protocol + ':'.join([x.get_text() for x in odd.find_all('td')[1:3]]))  
            page += 1  

    def get_proxies_nn(self):  
        page = random.randint(1,10)  
        page_stop = page + self.page  
        while page < page_stop:  
            url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/%d' % page  
            html = requests.get(url, headers=self.headers).content  
            soup = BeautifulSoup(html, 'lxml')  
            ip_list = soup.find(id='ip_list')  
            for odd in ip_list.find_all(class_='odd'):  
                protocol = odd.find_all('td')[5].get_text().lower() + '://'  
                self.proxies.append(protocol + ':'.join([x.get_text() for x in odd.find_all('td')[1:3]]))  
            page += 1  

    def verify_proxies(self):  
        # 没验证的代理  
        old_queue = Queue()  
        # 验证后的代理  
        new_queue = Queue()  
        print ('verify proxy........')  
        works = []  
        for _ in range(15):  
            works.append(Process(target=self.verify_one_proxy, args=(old_queue,new_queue)))  
        for work in works:  
            work.start()  
        for proxy in self.proxies:  
            old_queue.put(proxy)  
        for work in works:  
            old_queue.put(0)  
        for work in works:  
            work.join()  
        self.proxies = []  
        while 1:  
            try:  
                self.proxies.append(new_queue.get(timeout=1))  
            except:  
                break  
        print ('verify_proxies done!')  


    def verify_one_proxy(self, old_queue, new_queue):  
        while 1:  
            proxy = old_queue.get()  
            if proxy == 0:break  
            protocol = 'https' if 'https' in proxy else 'http'  
            proxies = {protocol: proxy}  
            try:  
                if requests.get('http://www.baidu.com', proxies=proxies, timeout=2).status_code == 200:  
                    print ('success %s' % proxy)  
                    new_queue.put(proxy)  
            except:  
                print ('fail %s' % proxy)  


if __name__ == '__main__':  
    a = Proxies()  
    a.verify_proxies()  
    print (a.proxies)  
    proxie = a.proxies   
    with open('proxies.txt', 'a') as f:  
       for proxy in proxie:  
             f.write(proxy+'\n')  

这些IP就会保存到proxies.txt文件中去。

修改代理文件middlewares.py的内容为如下:

import random  
import scrapy  
from scrapy import log  


# logger = logging.getLogger()  

class ProxyMiddleWare(object):  
    """docstring for ProxyMiddleWare"""  
    def process_request(self,request, spider):  
        '''对request对象加上proxy'''  
        proxy = self.get_random_proxy()  
        print("this is request ip:"+proxy)  
        request.meta['proxy'] = proxy   


    def process_response(self, request, response, spider):  
        '''对返回的response处理'''  
        # 如果返回的response状态不是200，重新生成当前request对象  
        if response.status != 200:  
            proxy = self.get_random_proxy()  
            print("this is response ip:"+proxy)  
            # 对当前reque加上代理  
            request.meta['proxy'] = proxy   
            return request  
        return response  

    def get_random_proxy(self):  
        '''随机从文件中读取proxy'''  
        while 1:  
            with open('G:\\Scrapy_work\\myproxies\\myproxies\\proxies.txt', 'r') as f:  
                proxies = f.readlines()  
            if proxies:  
                break  
            else:  
                time.sleep(1)  
        proxy = random.choice(proxies).strip()  
        return proxy  

修改下settings文件

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {  
#    'youx.middlewares.MyCustomDownloaderMiddleware': 543,  
     'scrapy.contrib.downloadermiddleware.httpproxy.HttpProxyMiddleware':None,  
     'youx.middlewares.ProxyMiddleWare':125,  
     'scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.defaultheaders.DefaultHeadersMiddleware':None  
}

原文链接：http://blog.csdn.net/u011781521/article/details/70194744