linux驱动移植-linux块设备驱动z2ram

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内核版本：linux 5.2.8根文件系统：busybox 1.25.0u-boot：2016.05----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

  linux内核将块设备相关的驱动放在drivers/block路径下：

root@zhengyang:/work/sambashare/linux-5.2.8# ls drivers/block/
amiflop.c  built-in.a    loop.c    nbd.c             pktcdvd.c    rsxx         swim_asm.S  virtio_blk.c    zram
aoe        cryptoloop.c  loop.h    null_blk.h        ps3disk.c    skd_main.c   swim.c      xen-blkback
ataflop.c  drbd          loop.o    null_blk_main.c   ps3vram.c    skd_s1120.h  sx8.c       xen-blkfront.c
brd.c      floppy.c      Makefile  null_blk_zoned.c  rbd.c        sunvdc.c     umem.c      xsysace.c
brd.o      Kconfig       mtip32xx  paride            rbd_types.h  swim3.c      umem.h      z2ram.c

这里我们以块设备驱动z2ram为例进行讲解分析。z2ram驱动是实用RAM模拟一段块设备，也就是ramdisk。

一、Kconfig文件

1.1 AMIGA_Z2RAM

我们首先查看一下drivers/block/Kconfig文件配置，找到Z2RAM相关配置：

config AMIGA_Z2RAM
        tristate "Amiga Zorro II ramdisk support"
        depends on ZORRO
        help
          This enables support for using Chip RAM and Zorro II RAM as a
          ramdisk or as a swap partition. Say Y if you want to include this
          driver in the kernel.

          To compile this driver as a module, choose M here: the
          module will be called z2ram.

可以看到如果我们配置了AMIGA_Z2RAM，这支持使用芯片RAM和Zero II RAM作为ramdisk或者交换分区，此外AMIGA_Z2RAM还依赖于模块ZORRO。

ZORRO配置在板载配置文件arch/m68k/configs/amiga_defconfig中定义为y，而我们使用的Mini2440开发板并不支持该配置：

root@zhengyang:/work/sambashare/linux-5.2.8# grep "CONFIG_ZORRO" * -nR
arch/m68k/amiga/config.c:174:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO
arch/m68k/amiga/config.c:185:#endif /* CONFIG_ZORRO */
arch/m68k/amiga/config.c:844:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO
arch/m68k/amiga/config.c:850:#endif /* CONFIG_ZORRO */
arch/m68k/amiga/platform.c:19:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO
arch/m68k/amiga/platform.c:80:#else /* !CONFIG_ZORRO */
arch/m68k/amiga/platform.c:84:#endif /* !CONFIG_ZORRO */
arch/m68k/configs/amiga_defconfig:22:CONFIG_ZORRO=y
arch/m68k/configs/amiga_defconfig:24:CONFIG_ZORRO_NAMES=y
arch/m68k/configs/amiga_defconfig:398:CONFIG_ZORRO8390=y
arch/m68k/configs/multi_defconfig:32:CONFIG_ZORRO=y
arch/m68k/configs/multi_defconfig:35:CONFIG_ZORRO_NAMES=y
arch/m68k/configs/multi_defconfig:447:CONFIG_ZORRO8390=y
drivers/zorro/zorro.h:3:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO_NAMES
drivers/zorro/Makefile:6:obj-$(CONFIG_ZORRO)    += zorro.o zorro-driver.o zorro-sysfs.o
drivers/zorro/Makefile:8:obj-$(CONFIG_ZORRO_NAMES) +=  names.o
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:47:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:276:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:345:#endif /* CONFIG_ZORRO */
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1053:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1133:#elif defined(CONFIG_ZORRO)
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1134:            /* FIXME: CONFIG_PCI and CONFIG_ZORRO may be defined both */
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1535:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1670:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO /* only works on Zorro boards */
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1712:#endif /* CONFIG_ZORRO */
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1943:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:1956:#endif /* CONFIG_ZORRO */
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:2197:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:2327:#endif /* CONFIG_ZORRO */
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:2372:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:2386:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:2511:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO
drivers/video/fbdev/cirrusfb.c:2521:#ifdef CONFIG_ZORRO
drivers/Makefile:99:obj-$(CONFIG_ZORRO)         += zorro/
drivers/net/ethernet/8390/Makefile:20:obj-$(CONFIG_ZORRO8390) += zorro8390.o

如果定义了CONFIG_ZORRO将会编译ZORRO模块，关于zooro相关文件定义：

root@zhengyang:/work/sambashare/linux-5.2.8# find -name zorro.*
./arch/m68k/include/asm/zorro.h
./include/uapi/linux/zorro.h
./include/linux/zorro.h
./drivers/zorro/zorro.h
./drivers/zorro/zorro.c
./drivers/zorro/zorro.ids
./Documentation/zorro.txt

这里我们粗略看一下drivers/zorro/zorro.c文件，咱么也不做过多的解读，因为这不是这一节的重点，了解即可。

1.2 zorro.c

/*
 *    Zorro Bus Services
 *
 *    Copyright (C) 1995-2003 Geert Uytterhoeven
 *
 *    This file is subject to the terms and conditions of the GNU General Public
 *    License.  See the file COPYING in the main directory of this archive
 *    for more details.
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/zorro.h>
#include <linux/bitops.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/platform_device.h>
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>

#include <asm/byteorder.h>
#include <asm/setup.h>
#include <asm/amigahw.h>

#include "zorro.h"


    /*
     *  Zorro Expansion Devices
     */

unsigned int zorro_num_autocon;
struct zorro_dev_init zorro_autocon_init[ZORRO_NUM_AUTO] __initdata;
struct zorro_dev *zorro_autocon;


    /*
     *  Zorro bus
     */

struct zorro_bus {
        struct device dev;
        struct zorro_dev devices[0];
};
    /*
     *  Find Zorro Devices
     */

struct zorro_dev *zorro_find_device(zorro_id id, struct zorro_dev *from)
{
        struct zorro_dev *z;

        if (!zorro_num_autocon)
                return NULL;

        for (z = from ? from+1 : &zorro_autocon[0];
             z < zorro_autocon+zorro_num_autocon;
             z++)
                if (id == ZORRO_WILDCARD || id == z->id)
                        return z;
        return NULL;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(zorro_find_device);


    /*
     *  Bitmask indicating portions of available Zorro II RAM that are unused
     *  by the system. Every bit represents a 64K chunk, for a maximum of 8MB
     *  (128 chunks, physical 0x00200000-0x009fffff).
     *
     *  If you want to use (= allocate) portions of this RAM, you should clear
     *  the corresponding bits.
     *
     *  Possible uses:
     *      - z2ram device
     *      - SCSI DMA bounce buffers
     *
     *  FIXME: use the normal resource management
     */

DECLARE_BITMAP(zorro_unused_z2ram, 128);
EXPORT_SYMBOL(zorro_unused_z2ram);
static void __init mark_region(unsigned long start, unsigned long end,
                               int flag)
{
        if (flag)
                start += Z2RAM_CHUNKMASK;
        else
                end += Z2RAM_CHUNKMASK;
        start &= ~Z2RAM_CHUNKMASK;
        end &= ~Z2RAM_CHUNKMASK;

        if (end <= Z2RAM_START || start >= Z2RAM_END)
                return;
        start = start < Z2RAM_START ? 0x00000000 : start-Z2RAM_START;
        end = end > Z2RAM_END ? Z2RAM_SIZE : end-Z2RAM_START;
        while (start < end) {
                u32 chunk = start>>Z2RAM_CHUNKSHIFT;

                if (flag)
                        set_bit(chunk, zorro_unused_z2ram);
                else
                        clear_bit(chunk, zorro_unused_z2ram);
                start += Z2RAM_CHUNKSIZE;
        }
}


static struct resource __init *zorro_find_parent_resource(
        struct platform_device *bridge, struct zorro_dev *z)
{
        int i;

        for (i = 0; i < bridge->num_resources; i++) {
                struct resource *r = &bridge->resource[i];

                if (zorro_resource_start(z) >= r->start &&
                    zorro_resource_end(z) <= r->end)
                        return r;
        }
        return &iomem_resource;
}
static int __init amiga_zorro_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
{
        struct zorro_bus *bus;
        struct zorro_dev_init *zi;
        struct zorro_dev *z;
        struct resource *r;
        unsigned int i;
        int error;

        /* Initialize the Zorro bus */
        bus = kzalloc(struct_size(bus, devices, zorro_num_autocon),
                      GFP_KERNEL);
        if (!bus)
                return -ENOMEM;

        zorro_autocon = bus->devices;
        bus->dev.parent = &pdev->dev;
        dev_set_name(&bus->dev, zorro_bus_type.name);
        error = device_register(&bus->dev);
        if (error) {
                pr_err("Zorro: Error registering zorro_bus\n");
                put_device(&bus->dev);
                kfree(bus);
                return error;
        }
        platform_set_drvdata(pdev, bus);

        pr_info("Zorro: Probing AutoConfig expansion devices: %u device%s\n",
                 zorro_num_autocon, zorro_num_autocon == 1 ? "" : "s");

        /* First identify all devices ... */
        for (i = 0; i < zorro_num_autocon; i++) {
                zi = &zorro_autocon_init[i];
                z = &zorro_autocon[i];

                z->rom = zi->rom;
                z->id = (be16_to_cpu(z->rom.er_Manufacturer) << 16) |
                        (z->rom.er_Product << 8);
                if (z->id == ZORRO_PROD_GVP_EPC_BASE) {
                        /* GVP quirk */
                        unsigned long magic = zi->boardaddr + 0x8000;

                        z->id |= *(u16 *)ZTWO_VADDR(magic) & GVP_PRODMASK;
                }
                z->slotaddr = zi->slotaddr;
                z->slotsize = zi->slotsize;
                sprintf(z->name, "Zorro device %08x", z->id);
                zorro_name_device(z);
                z->resource.start = zi->boardaddr;
                z->resource.end = zi->boardaddr + zi->boardsize - 1;
                z->resource.name = z->name;
                r = zorro_find_parent_resource(pdev, z);
                error = request_resource(r, &z->resource);
                if (error)
                        dev_err(&bus->dev,
                                "Address space collision on device %s %pR\n",
                                z->name, &z->resource);
                z->dev.parent = &bus->dev;
                z->dev.bus = &zorro_bus_type;
                z->dev.id = i;
                switch (z->rom.er_Type & ERT_TYPEMASK) {
                case ERT_ZORROIII:
                        z->dev.coherent_dma_mask = DMA_BIT_MASK(32);
                        break;

                case ERT_ZORROII:
                default:
                        z->dev.coherent_dma_mask = DMA_BIT_MASK(24);
                        break;
                }
                z->dev.dma_mask = &z->dev.coherent_dma_mask;
        }

        /* ... then register them */
        for (i = 0; i < zorro_num_autocon; i++) {
                z = &zorro_autocon[i];
                error = device_register(&z->dev);
                if (error) {
                        dev_err(&bus->dev, "Error registering device %s\n",
                                z->name);
                        put_device(&z->dev);
                        continue;
                }
        }

        /* Mark all available Zorro II memory */
        zorro_for_each_dev(z) {
                if (z->rom.er_Type & ERTF_MEMLIST)
                        mark_region(zorro_resource_start(z),
                                    zorro_resource_end(z)+1, 1);
        }

        /* Unmark all used Zorro II memory */
        for (i = 0; i <