安装docker
# step 1: 安装必要的一些系统工具
sudo yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
# Step 2: 添加软件源信息
sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# Step 3: 更新并安装 Docker-CE
sudo yum makecache fast
sudo yum -y install docker-ce
# Step 4: 开启Docker服务
sudo service docker start
注意:其他注意事项在下面的注释中
# 官方软件源默认启用了最新的软件,您可以通过编辑软件源的方式获取各个版本的软件包。例如官方并没有将测试版本的软件源置为可用,你可以通过以下方式开启。同理可以开启各种测试版本等。
# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
# 将 [docker-ce-test] 下方的 enabled=0 修改为 enabled=1
#
# 安装指定版本的Docker-CE:
# Step 1: 查找Docker-CE的版本:
# yum list docker-ce.x86_64 --showduplicates | sort -r
# Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
# Loaded plugins: branch, fastestmirror, langpacks
# docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
# docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.1.ce-1.el7.centos @docker-ce-stable
# docker-ce.x86_64 17.03.0.ce-1.el7.centos docker-ce-stable
# Available Packages
# Step2 : 安装指定版本的Docker-CE: (VERSION 例如上面的 17.03.0.ce.1-1.el7.centos)
# sudo yum -y install docker-ce-[VERSION]
# 注意:在某些版本之后,docker-ce安装出现了其他依赖包,如果安装失败的话请关注错误信息。例如 docker-ce 17.03 之后,需要先安装 docker-ce-selinux。
# yum list docker-ce-selinux- --showduplicates | sort -r
# sudo yum -y install docker-ce-selinux-[VERSION]
# 通过经典网络、VPC网络内网安装时,用以下命令替换Step 2中的命令
# 经典网络:
# sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyuncs.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
# VPC网络:
# sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.could.aliyuncs.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
安装校验
root@iZbp12adskpuoxodbkqzjfZ:$ docker version
Client:
Version: 17.03.0-ce
API version: 1.26
Go version: go1.7.5
Git commit: 3a232c8
Built: Tue Feb 28 07:52:04 2017
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Server:
Version: 17.03.0-ce
API version: 1.26 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.7.5
Git commit: 3a232c8
Built: Tue Feb 28 07:52:04 2017
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
配置镜像加速器
可在阿里云免费注册,xxxxx换成自己的
sudo mkdir -p /etc/docker
sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<-'EOF'
{
"registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"]
}
EOF
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart docker
docker指令
Usage: docker [OPTIONS] COMMAND
A self-sufficient runtime for containers
Options:
--config string Location of client config files (default "/root/.docker")
-c, --context string Name of the context to use to connect to the daemon (overrides
DOCKER_HOST env var and default context set with "docker context use")
-D, --debug Enable debug mode
-H, --host list Daemon socket(s) to connect to
-l, --log-level string Set the logging level ("debug"|"info"|"warn"|"error"|"fatal")
(default "info")
--tls Use TLS; implied by --tlsverify
--tlscacert string Trust certs signed only by this CA (default "/root/.docker/ca.pem")
--tlscert string Path to TLS certificate file (default "/root/.docker/cert.pem")
--tlskey string Path to TLS key file (default "/root/.docker/key.pem")
--tlsverify Use TLS and verify the remote
-v, --version Print version information and quit
Management Commands:
app* Docker App (Docker Inc., v0.9.1-beta3)
builder Manage builds
buildx* Build with BuildKit (Docker Inc., v0.6.1-docker)
config Manage Docker configs
container Manage containers
context Manage contexts
image Manage images
manifest Manage Docker image manifests and manifest lists
network Manage networks
node Manage Swarm nodes
plugin Manage plugins
scan* Docker Scan (Docker Inc., v0.8.0)
secret Manage Docker secrets
service Manage services
stack Manage Docker stacks
swarm Manage Swarm
system Manage Docker
trust Manage trust on Docker images
volume Manage volumes
Commands:
attach Attach local standard input, output, and error streams to a running container
build Build an image from a Dockerfile
commit Create a new image from a container's changes
cp Copy files/folders between a container and the local filesystem
create Create a new container
diff Inspect changes to files or directories on a container's filesystem
events Get real time events from the server
exec Run a command in a running container
export Export a container's filesystem as a tar archive
history Show the history of an image
images List images
import Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image
info Display system-wide information
inspect Return low-level information on Docker objects
kill Kill one or more running containers
load Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
login Log in to a Docker registry
logout Log out from a Docker registry
logs Fetch the logs of a container
pause Pause all processes within one or more containers
port List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container
ps List containers
pull Pull an image or a repository from a registry
push Push an image or a repository to a registry
rename Rename a container
restart Restart one or more containers
rm Remove one or more containers
rmi Remove one or more images
run Run a command in a new container
save Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
search Search the Docker Hub for images
start Start one or more stopped containers
stats Display a live stream of container(s) resource usage statistics
stop Stop one or more running containers
tag Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
top Display the running processes of a container
unpause Unpause all processes within one or more containers
update Update configuration of one or more containers
version Show the Docker version information
wait Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes
Run 'docker COMMAND --help' for more information on a command.
拉取/删除tomcat镜像
#默认拉取tag:latest的镜像
docker pull tomcat
#删除镜像
docker rmi tomcat
#强制删除
docker rmi -f tomcat
#删除多个
docker rmi -f tomcat nginx
#删除全部
docker rmi -f $(docker images -qa)
实例化一个容器,并启动
#参数列表
--name="容器新名字" 指定一个别名
-d 后台运行容器,并返回容器ID,即启动守护式容器
-i 以交互模式运行容器,通常与-t同时使用
-t 为容器重新分配一个伪输入终端,通常与-i同时使用
-P 随机端口映射
-p 指定端口映射
#实例化
[root@Dragon ~]# dk run -it --name mycentos 5d0da3dc9764
[root@5a0b6a6c5e06 /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@5a0b6a6c5e06 /]# pwd
/
[root@5a0b6a6c5e06 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 03:46 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 16 1 0 03:46 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
退出容器
- exit 关闭退出容器
[root@5a0b6a6c5e06 /]# exit
exit
[root@Dragon ~]# dk ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1ae5e7e69adb redis:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 2 hours 0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp c_redis
3a796708dfa9 mysql:8.0.17 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 2 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp c_mysql
#-l last
[root@Dragon ~]# dk ps -l
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5a0b6a6c5e06 5d0da3dc9764 "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 13 seconds ago mycentos
#-a all
[root@Dragon ~]# dk ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5a0b6a6c5e06 5d0da3dc9764 "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (0) 20 seconds ago mycentos
1ae5e7e69adb redis:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 2 hours 0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp c_redis
3a796708dfa9 mysql:8.0.17 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 2 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp c_mysql
- ctrl+p+q 退出不关闭容器
[root@Dragon ~]# dk run -it --name mycentos0152 centos
[root@ca40c9c29850 /]# [root@Dragon ~]#
[root@Dragon ~]# dk ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ca40c9c29850 centos "/bin/bash" 41 seconds ago Up 40 seconds mycentos0152
1ae5e7e69adb redis:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 3 hours 0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp c_redis
3a796708dfa9 mysql:8.0.17 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 3 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp c_mysql
启动容器
#查看上两个容器
[root@Dragon ~]# dk ps -n 2
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ca40c9c29850 centos "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes mycentos0152
5a0b6a6c5e06 5d0da3dc9764 "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Exited (0) 56 minutes ago mycentos
#启动刚才关闭的容器
[root@Dragon ~]# dk start mycentos
mycentos
[root@Dragon ~]# dk ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ca40c9c29850 centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Up 5 minutes mycentos0152
5a0b6a6c5e06 5d0da3dc9764 "/bin/bash" About an hour ago Up 6 seconds mycentos
1ae5e7e69adb redis:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 3 hours 0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp c_redis
3a796708dfa9 mysql:8.0.17 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 3 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp c_mysql
#重启
[root@Dragon ~]# dk restart mycentos
关闭容器
[root@Dragon ~]# dk stop mycentos
mycentos
[root@Dragon ~]# dk ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ca40c9c29850 centos "/bin/bash" 2 hours ago Up 2 hours mycentos0152
1ae5e7e69adb redis:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 5 hours 0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp c_redis
3a796708dfa9 mysql:8.0.17 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 5 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp c_mysql
#强制关闭
[root@Dragon ~]# dk kill mycentos0152
mycentos0152
[root@Dragon ~]# dk ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1ae5e7e69adb redis:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 5 hours 0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp c_redis
3a796708dfa9 mysql:8.0.17 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 5 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp c_mysql
删除已关闭的容器
[root@Dragon ~]# dk rm mycentos0152
mycentos0152
[root@Dragon ~]# dk ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5a0b6a6c5e06 5d0da3dc9764 "/bin/bash" 3 hours ago Exited (0) 3 minutes ago mycentos
1ae5e7e69adb redis:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 5 hours 0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp c_redis
3a796708dfa9 mysql:8.0.17 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 5 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp c_mysql
#强制删除
dk rm -f contanername
#批量删除
dk rm -f $(dk ps -a -q)
#xargs 前一个命令的结果集作为参数传递给下一个命令
dk ps -a -q | xargs dk rm
守护式启动
#直接后台启动容器,没有前台进程容器会立刻“自杀”
[root@Dragon ~]# dk run -d centos
88aa1dabfe357a623569f60293e44384fd0aa4ac3c75f1db968f907c10b865d6
[root@Dragon ~]# dk ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
1ae5e7e69adb redis:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 5 hours 0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp c_redis
3a796708dfa9 mysql:8.0.17 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 5 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp c_mysql
#添加前台进程,循环打印hello Zzzz
[root@Dragon ~]# dk run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo hello Zzzz;sleep 2;done"
ed8556f67abe6009b96676c07a24f43133df5a6e1d43f6e138a4f5bb95f8e0df
[root@Dragon ~]# dk ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
ed8556f67abe centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 21 seconds ago Up 19 seconds goofy_ellis
1ae5e7e69adb redis:latest "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 6 hours 0.0.0.0:6379->6379/tcp, :::6379->6379/tcp c_redis
3a796708dfa9 mysql:8.0.17 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 3 weeks ago Up 6 hours 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp, :::3306->3306/tcp, 33060/tcp c_mysql
#查看容器日志 -t 加上时间戳 -f 持续看
[root@Dragon ~]# dk logs -t ed8556f67abe
2021-10-15T07:02:21.415960686Z hello Zzzz
2021-10-15T07:02:23.439496483Z hello Zzzz
2021-10-15T07:02:25.452270883Z hello Zzzz
2021-10-15T07:02:27.460080942Z hello Zzzz