Linux系统下安装Oracle数据库之静默安装

环境：Centos7、linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip、linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

准备工作

1.关闭防火墙

[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld

2.关闭selinux

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config
设置
SELINUX=disabled

3.安装相关依赖

[root@centos7 ~]# yum -y install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686

# 确认所有包都安装成功
[root@centos7 ~]# rpm -q binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXi libXtst  make sysstat  unixODBC unixODBC-devel
binutils-2.27-44.base.el7.x86_64
compat-libcap1-1.10-7.el7.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.x86_64
compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3-72.el7.i686
gcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64
gcc-c++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64
glibc-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64
glibc-2.17-324.el7_9.i686
glibc-devel-2.17-324.el7_9.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.17-324.el7_9.i686
ksh-20120801-142.el7.x86_64
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.i686
libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64
libaio-devel-0.3.109-13.el7.i686
libgcc-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64
libgcc-4.8.5-44.el7.i686
libstdc++-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-4.8.5-44.el7.i686
libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.x86_64
libstdc++-devel-4.8.5-44.el7.i686
libXi-1.7.9-1.el7.x86_64
libXi-1.7.9-1.el7.i686
libXtst-1.2.3-1.el7.x86_64
libXtst-1.2.3-1.el7.i686
make-3.82-24.el7.x86_64
sysstat-10.1.5-19.el7.x86_64
unixODBC-2.3.1-14.el7.x86_64
unixODBC-2.3.1-14.el7.i686
unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-14.el7.x86_64
unixODBC-devel-2.3.1-14.el7.i686

4.创建用户和组

[root@centos7 ~]# groupadd oinstall
[root@centos7 ~]# groupadd dba
[root@centos7 ~]# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# 修改密码
[root@centos7 ~]# passwd oracle
Changing password for user oracle.
New password: 
BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
Retype new password: 
passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

5.修改内核参数

[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
fs.file-max=6815744
kernel.shmall=524288
kernel.shmmax=2147483647
kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128
kernel.shmmni=4096
kernel.panic_on_oops=1
net.core.rmem_default=262144
net.core.rmem_max=4194304
net.core.wmem_default=262144
net.core.wmem_max=1048576
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=2
net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=2
fs.aio-max-nr=1048576
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500

# 使配置文件生效
[root@centos7 ~]# sysctl -p

6.修改其它配置

# 6.1 修改limits.conf 在文件末尾增加
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
oracle hard stack 10240
# 第1行是设置进程数软限制；
# 第2行是设置进程数硬限制；
# 第3行是设置文件数软限制；
# 第4行是设置文件数硬限制



# 6.2 修改login ,在文件末尾增加
[root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/pam.d/login

session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so



# 6.3 修改 profile，在文件末尾添加以下内容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
    if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
        ulimit -p 16384 ulimit -n 65536
    else
        ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
    fi
fi
# 使配置文件生效
[root@centos7 ~] source /etc/profile



# 6.4创建数据库目录
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir -p /database/oracle
[root@centos7 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /database/oracle/ 
[root@centos7 ~]# chmod -R 775 /database/oracle/



# 6.5切换到Oracle用户下
[root@centos7 ~]# su - oracle
# 在文件末尾添加
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ vim ~/.bash_profile
export ORACLE_BASE=/database/oracle/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
# 使配置文件生效
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile

安装部署及配置

1.创建文件夹并上传Oracle安装包（Oracle用户下）

[oracle@centos7 ~]# mkdir /home/oracle/oradb

2.如果没有解压工具的话，需要先安装解压工具（root用户下）

yum install -y unzip zip

3.解压缩包

4.复制模板，为了不影响原来的文件内容（后面文件脚本内容会作修改）

[oracle@centos7 ~]$ mkdir etc
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ cp /home/oracle/oradb/database/response/* /home/oracle/etc/

# 切换为root ,进行权限设置
[oracle@centos7 etc]$ su - root
Password: 
Last login: Thu Jun 24 10:19:06 EDT 2021 on pts/0
[root@centos7 ~] chmod 700 /home/oracle/etc/*.rsp

5.修改db_install.rsp文件

[oracle@centos7 ~]$ vim /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
# 修改以下内用，不同版本的Oracle，可能所在行数不一样
29 oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
42 UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
47 INVENTORY_LOCATION=/database/oracle/oraInventory
83 ORACLE_HOME=/database/oracle/oracle/product/11g/db_1
88 ORACLE_BASE=/database/oracle/oracle
99 oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
142 oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
147 oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall
160 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE 
165 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl
170 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl
200 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920
233 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle
238 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=oracle
243 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=oracle
248 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSMAN=oracle
253 oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=oracle
376 SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false
385 DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

6.开始安装，等待执行完毕，如下图

[oracle@centos7 database]$ cd /home/oracle/oradb/database/

[oracle@centos7 database]$ ./runInstaller -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -waitforcompletion -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp

注意：-showProgress Oracle11g貌似没有这个命令

执行完毕后，要切换到root用户下，执行这个两个脚本（安装过程中自动生成，无需手动生成）

/database/oracle/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh

/database/oracle/oracle/product/11g/db_1/root.sh

7.配置环境变量

[oracle@centos7 ~]$ vim ~/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
        . ~/.bashrc
fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export ORACLE_BASE=/database/oracle/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ROACLE_PID=oral11
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11g/db_1
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'

# 使配置文件生效
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile

8.创建监听，执行如下命令，等待执行完毕如下图

[oracle@centos7 ~]$ netca /silent /responsefile /home/oracle/etc/netca.rsp

9.修改静默建库文件，并执行建库命令，等待创建完毕如下图

# 修改静默建库文件
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ vim /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp
78 GDBNAME = "orcl"
149 SID = "orcl"
472 #LISTENERS = "listener1 listener2"
473 LISTENERS="listener"
511 #MEMORYPERCENTAGE = "40"
532 AUTOMATICMEMORYMANAGEMENT = "FALSE"
541 TOTALMEMORY = "0"
416 CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"


# 执行静默建库
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ dbca -silent -createDatabase -templateName General_Purpose.dbc -gdbName orcl -sysPassword oracle -systemPassword oracle

查看日志

10.优化sqlplus

# 在最后增加 stty erase ^h
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ vim ~/.bash_profile 

# 刷新配置文件
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ source ~/.bash_profile

11.修改listener.ora

12.修改tnsnames.ora

LISTENER_ORCL =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = centos7)(PORT = 1521))

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = centos7)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

LISTENER_ORCL =
  (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = centos7)(PORT = 1521))

ORCL =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.119.140)(PORT = 1521))
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVER = DEDICATED)
      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)
    )
  )

13.重新装载监听、重启Oracle实例

# 重新加载监听
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ lsnrctl reload

# 重启数据库实例
[oracle@centos7 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on 星期四 6月 24 12:47:34 2021

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> shutdown immediate
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  826753024 bytes
Fixed Size		    2217872 bytes
Variable Size		  486541424 bytes
Database Buffers	  331350016 bytes
Redo Buffers		    6643712 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.

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