初学 Android NDK 开发之环境搭建

关于NDK和JNI的相关文档，网上有很多，在这里就不多做说明了。

下面进行第一个 NDK demo 的实现：

在这里我使用的是Android Studio 3.0进行下面的环境搭建。

 第一步：在项目目录main下新建我们存放c/c++代码的目录文件夹 cpp ；在cpp目录下新建我们的c/c++文件；

     文件命名JniUtils.c（文件名可以随意）

#include <jni.h>

JNIEXPORT jstring JNICALL Java_com_union400_ndkdemo_JniUtils_loadCString(JNIEnv *env, jobject obj) {
    return (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "I am form Native C");
}

 第二步：在app目录下新建 CMakeLists.txt 文件

    CMakeLists.txt 中主要定义了哪些文件需要编译，以及和其他库的关系等。

# For more information about using CMake with Android Studio, read the
# documentation: https://d.android.com/studio/projects/add-native-code.html

# Sets the minimum version of CMake required to build the native library.

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4.1)

# Creates and names a library, sets it as either STATIC
# or SHARED, and provides the relative paths to its source code.
# You can define multiple libraries, and CMake builds them for you.
# Gradle automatically packages shared libraries with your APK.

# 编译出一个动态库 JniLibrary，源文件只有 src/main/cpp/JniUtils.c
add_library( # Sets the name of the library.
             JniLibrary

             # Sets the library as a shared library.
             SHARED

             # Provides a relative path to your source file(s).
             src/main/cpp/JniUtils.c
             # src/main/cpp/JniUtils.c # 注：多个源文件可以像这样直接加在后面
 )

# 头文件目录
include_directories(src/main/cpp/include/)

# Searches for a specified prebuilt library and stores the path as a
# variable. Because CMake includes system libraries in the search path by
# default, you only need to specify the name of the public NDK library
# you want to add. CMake verifies that the library exists before
# completing its build.

# 找到预编译库 log_lib
find_library( # Sets the name of the path variable.
              log-lib

              # Specifies the name of the NDK library that
              # you want CMake to locate.
              log )

# Specifies libraries CMake should link to your target library. You
# can link multiple libraries, such as libraries you define in this
# build script, prebuilt third-party libraries, or system libraries.

# log_lib link到我们的动态库 JniLibrary 中
target_link_libraries( # Specifies the target library.
                       JniLibrary

                       # Links the target library to the log library
                       # included in the NDK.
                       ${log-lib} )

 第三步：在 build.gradle 中配置 CMake

       在 defaultConfig 中添加配置：

   externalNativeBuild {
       cmake {
           // -DANDROID_PLATFORM 代表编译的 android 平台。文档建议直接设置 minSdkVersion 就行了，所以这个参数可忽略。
           // -DANDROID_TOOLCHAIN=clang，CMake 一共有2种编译工具链 - clang 和 gcc，gcc 已经废弃，clang 是默认的，所以这个参数也可忽略。
           // arguments '-DANDROID_PLATFORM=android-16', '-DANDROID_TOOLCHAIN=clang'
       }
   }

      在 android 中添加配置：

   externalNativeBuild {
       cmake {
           path "CMakeLists.txt" // 指明了 CMakeList.txt 的路径
       }
   }

 第四步：Java 代码中调用我们的c/c++ 代码：

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    private final String TAG = this.getClass().getSimpleName();

    // 加载Library
    static {
        System.loadLibrary("JniLibrary");
    }
    // 定义 native 方法
    public native String loadCString();

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

        TextView tvHello = findViewById(R.id.tvHello);

        tvHello.setText(loadCString());
    }
}

至此，第一个NDK demo 完成；里面有很多的知识点需要大家仔细去挖掘学习。