[kuangbin带你飞]专题九 连通图 题解报告

专题链接
关于tarjan

A - Network of Schools  原题地址

本题有2个问题，第一个是要算最少要给多少个点软件，才能使所有点都可以收到副本
第二个是要算最少加多少条边，使得图变成强连通

1：tarjan求强连通，然后缩点，计算入度为0的强连通分量
2：设现在有a个入度为0的点，b个出度为0的点（缩完点后的点），最合理的加边方法肯定是从出度为0的点向入度为0的点添加有向边，
如果a > b, 添加a条边，所有点的入度都大于0，所有点的出度也大于0，问题解决，答案是a
如果 a <= b，添加a条边，所有点入度大于0，但是还有b-a个点，它们的出度是0，所以还要再加b-a条边，所以答案是b
综合两种情况，答案是max（a，b）

当然如果图原来就是强连通的话，输出就是1 和 0 了

#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

const int N = 110;

struct node
{
	int next;
	int to;
}edge[N * N];

int st[N];
int tot, ord, sccnum, top;
int head[N];
int low[N];
int DFN[N];
int in_deg[N];
int out_deg[N];
int block[N];
bool instack[N];

void addedge(int from, int to)
{
	edge[tot].to = to;
	edge[tot].next = head[from];
	head[from] = tot++;
}

void tarjan (int u)
{
	 DFN[u] = low[u] = ++ord;
	 instack[u] = 1;
	 st[top++] = u;
	 for (int i = head[u]; ~i; i = edge[i].next)
	 {
	 	 int v = edge[i].to;
	 	 if (DFN[v] == -1)
		 {
		 	 tarjan (v);
		 	 if (low[u] > low[v])
			 {
			 	 low[u] = low[v];
			 }
		 }
		 else if (instack[v])
		 {
		 	 low[u] = min(low[u], DFN[v]);
		 }
	 }
	 int v;
	 if (DFN[u] == low[u])
	 {
	 	 sccnum++;
	 	 do
		 {
			v = st[--top];
			block[v] = sccnum;
			instack[v] = 0;
		 }while (v != u);
	 }
}

void init ()
{
	memset (DFN, -1, sizeof(DFN));
	memset (low, 0, sizeof(low));
	memset (head, -1, sizeof(head));
	memset (in_deg, 0, sizeof(in_deg));
	memset (out_deg, 0, sizeof(out_deg));
	memset (instack, 0, sizeof(instack));
	top = 0;
	tot = 0;
	sccnum = 0;
	ord = 0;
}

void solve (int n)
{
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
	{
		if (DFN[i] == -1)
		{
			tarjan (i);
		}
	}
	if (sccnum == 1)
	{
		printf("1\n0\n");
		return;
	}
	for (int u = 1; u <= n; ++u)
	{
		for (int j = head[u]; ~j; j = edge[j].next)
		{
			int v = edge[j].to;
			if (block[u] == block[v])
			{
				continue;
			}
			out_deg[block[u]]++;
			in_deg[block[v]]++;
		}
	}
	int a, b;
	a = 0;
	b = 0;
	for (int i = 1; i <= sccnum; ++i)
	{
		if (in_deg[i] == 0)
		{
			a++;
		}
		else if (out_deg[i] == 0)
		{
			b++;
		}
	}
	printf("%d\n", a);
	printf("%d\n", max(a, b));
}

int main()
{
	int n;
	int u, v;
	while (~scanf("%d", &n))
	{
		init();
		for (int u = 1; u <= n; ++u)
		{
			while (scanf("%d", &v), v)
			{
				addedge (u, v);
			}
		}
		solve(n);
	}
	return 0;
}

B - Network  原题地址

求割点数目，模版题

#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

const int N = 110;

struct node
{
	int next;
	int to;
}edge[N * N];

bool instack[N];
bool cut[N];
int head[N];
int DFN[N];
int low[N];
int cnt, tot, ord, root;

void addedge (int from, int to)
{
	edge[tot].to = to;
	edge[tot].next = head[from];
	head[from] = tot++;
}

void tarjan (int u, int fa)
{
	DFN[u] = low[u] = ++ord;
	instack[u] = 1;
	int cnt = 0;
	for (int i = head[u]; ~i; i = edge[i].next)
	{
		int v = edge[i].to;
		if (v == fa)
		{
			continue;
		}
		if (DFN[v] == -1)
		{
			tarjan(v, u);
			cnt++;
			if (low[u] > low[v])
			{
				low[u] = low[v];
			}
			if (root == u && cnt > 1)
			{
				cut[u] = 1;
			}
			else if (u != root && low[v] >= DFN[u])
			{
				cut[u] = 1;
			}
		}
		else if (instack[v])
		{
			low[u] = min(low[u], DFN[v]);
		}
	}
}

void init ()
{
	memset (DFN, -1, sizeof(DFN));
	memset (low, 0, sizeof(low));
	memset (instack, 0, sizeof(instack));
	memset (cut, 0, sizeof(cut));
	memset (head, -1, sizeof(head));
	tot = 0;
	ord = 0;
}

void solve (int n)
{
	root = 1;
	tarjan (1, -1);
	int ans = 0;
	for (int i = 1; i <= n; ++i)
	{
		if (cut[i])
		{
			ans++;
		}
	}
	printf("%d\n", ans);
}

int main()
{
	int n;
	int u, v;
	while (~scanf("%d", &n), n)
	{
		init();
		while (scanf("%d", &u), u)
		{
			while (getchar() != '\n')
			{
				scanf("%d", &v);
				addedge (u, v);
				addedge (v, u);
			}
		}
		solve(n);
	}
	return 0;
}

C - Critical Links

求桥，模版题，这题似乎不用判重边

#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <vector>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <iostream