vue省掉了dom操作、所以原生ajax和jquery的ajax不适用与vue
如果调用返回结果比较慢有可能不会按照代码顺序打印结果
可以都在写success里,可以按需要顺序得到【但是嵌套多了会出现回调地狱】
可以用promise解决
回调地狱
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>前后端交互</div>
<script type="text/javascript" src="js/jquery.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
前后端交互-异步编程与Promise概述
*/
// var ret = '---';
// $.ajax({
// url: 'http://localhost:3000/data',
// success: function(data) {
// ret = data;
// console.log(ret)这里打印的没有问题是返回数据
// }
// });
// console.log(ret)因为是异步的所以这里打出来的是---
// ----------------------------
// $.ajax({
// url: 'http://localhost:3000/data',
// success: function(data) {
// console.log(data)
// }
// });
// $.ajax({
// url: 'http://localhost:3000/data1',
// success: function(data) {
// console.log(data)
// }
// });
// $.ajax({
// url: 'http://localhost:3000/data2',
// success: function(data) {
// console.log(data)
// }
// });
// -----------------------------------
$.ajax({
url: 'http://localhost:3000/data',
success: function(data) {
console.log(data)
$.ajax({
url: 'http://localhost:3000/data1',
success: function(data) {
console.log(data)
$.ajax({
url: 'http://localhost:3000/data2',
success: function(data) {
console.log(data)
}
});
}
});
}
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
Promise概述
解决回调地狱
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
基于Promise发送Ajax请求
*/
function queryData(url) {
var p = new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
if(xhr.readyState != 4) return;
if(xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200) {
// 处理正常的情况
resolve(xhr.responseText);
}else{
// 处理异常情况
reject('服务器错误');
}
};
xhr.open('get', url);
xhr.send(null);
});
return p;
}
// queryData('http://localhost:3000/data')
// .then(function(data){
// console.log(data);
// },function(info){
// console.log(info)
// });
// ============================
// 发送多个ajax请求并且保证顺序
queryData('http://localhost:3000/data')
.then(function(data){
console.log(data)
return queryData('http://localhost:3000/data1');
})
.then(function(data){
console.log(data);
return queryData('http://localhost:3000/data2');
})
.then(function(data){
console.log(data)
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
04-then参数中的函数返回值
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
then参数中的函数返回值
*/
function queryData(url) {
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
if(xhr.readyState != 4) return;
if(xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200) {
// 处理正常的情况
resolve(xhr.responseText);
}else{
// 处理异常情况
reject('服务器错误');
}
};
xhr.open('get', url);
xhr.send(null);
});
}
queryData('http://localhost:3000/data')
.then(function(data){
return queryData('http://localhost:3000/data1');
})
.then(function(data){
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
setTimeout(function(){
resolve(123);
},1000)
});
})
.then(function(data){
return 'hello';
})
.then(function(data){
console.log(data)
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
05-Promise常用API-实例方法
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
Promise常用API-实例方法
*/
// console.dir(Promise);
function foo() {
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
setTimeout(function(){
// resolve(123);
reject('error');
}, 100);
})
}
// foo()
// .then(function(data){
// console.log(data)
// })
// .catch(function(data){
// console.log(data)
// })
// .finally(function(){
// console.log('finished')
// });
// --------------------------
// 两种写法是等效的
foo()
.then(function(data){
console.log(data)
},function(data){
console.log(data)
})
.finally(function(){
console.log('finished')
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
06-Promise常用API-对象方法
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
/*
Promise常用API-对象方法
*/
// console.dir(Promise)
function queryData(url) {
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject){
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
if(xhr.readyState != 4) return;
if(xhr.readyState == 4 && xhr.status == 200) {
// 处理正常的情况
resolve(xhr.responseText);
}else{
// 处理异常情况
reject('服务器错误');
}
};
xhr.open('get', url);
xhr.send(null);
});
}
var p1 = queryData('http://localhost:3000/a1');
var p2 = queryData('http://localhost:3000/a2');
var p3 = queryData('http://localhost:3000/a3');
//执行顺序按照数组里的顺序输出
// Promise.all([p1,p2,p3]).then(function(result){
// console.log(result)
// })
Promise.race([p1,p2,p3]).then(function(result){
console.log(result)
})
</script>
</body>
</html>
服务器端路由代码
const express = require('express')
const app = express()
const bodyParser = require('body-parser')
// 处理静态资源
app.use(express.static('public'))
// 处理参数
app.use(bodyParser.json());
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({ extended: false }));
// 设置允许跨域访问该服务
app.all('*', function (req, res, next) {
res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*");
res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Methods', 'PUT, GET, POST, DELETE, OPTIONS');
res.header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers", "X-Requested-With");
res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', 'Content-Type');
res.header('Access-Control-Allow-Headers', 'mytoken');
next();
});
app.get('/async1', (req, res) => {
res.send('hello')
})
app.get('/async2', (req, res) => {
if(req.query.info == 'hello') {
res.send('world')
}else{
res.send('error1')
}
})
app.get('/adata', (req, res) => {
res.send('Hello axios!')
})
app.get('/axios', (req, res) => {
res.send('axios get 传递参数' + req.query.id)
})
app.get('/axios/:id', (req, res) => {
res.send('axios get (Restful) 传递参数' + req.params.id)
})
app.delete('/axios', (req, res) => {
res.send('axios get 传递参数' + req.query.id)
})
app.post('/axios', (req, res) => {
res.send('axios post 传递参数' + req.body.uname + '---' + req.body.pwd)
})
app.put('/axios/:id', (req, res) => {
res.send('axios put 传递参数' + req.params.id + '---' + req.body.uname + '---' + req.body.pwd)
})
app.get('/axios-json', (req, res) => {
res.json({
uname: 'lisi',
age: 12
});
})
app.get('/fdata', (req, res) => {
res.send('Hello Fetch!')
})
app.get('/books', (req, res) => {
res.send('传统的URL传递参数!' + req.query.id)
})
app.get('/books/:id', (req, res) => {
res.send('Restful形式的URL传递参数!' + req.params.id)
})
app.delete('/books/:id', (req, res) => {
res.send('DELETE请求传递参数!' + req.params.id)
})
app.post('/books', (req, res) => {
res.send('POST请求传递参数!' + req.body.uname + '---' + req.body.pwd)
})
app.put('/books/:id', (req, res) => {
res.send('PUT请求传递参数!' + req.params.id + '---' + req.body.uname + '---' + req.body.pwd)
})
app.get('/json', (req, res) => {
res.json({
uname: 'lisi',
age: 13,
gender: 'male'
});
})
app.get('/a1', (req, res) => {
setTimeout(function(){
res.send('Hello TOM!')
},1000);
})
app.get('/a2', (req, res) => {
setTimeout(function(){
res.send('Hello JERRY!')
},2000);
})
app.get('/a3', (req, res) => {
setTimeout(function(){
res.send('Hello SPIKE!')
},3000);
})
// 路由
app.get('/data', (req, res) => {
res.send('Hello World!')
})
app.get('/data1', (req, res) => {
setTimeout(function(){
res.send('Hello TOM!')
},1000);
})
app.get('/data2', (req, res) => {
res.send('Hello JERRY!')
})
// 启动监听
app.listen(3000, () => {
console.log('running...')
})