LeetCode8. String to Integer (atoi)

题目

Implement atoi to convert a string to an integer.

Requirements for atoi:
The function first discards as many whitespace characters as necessary until the first non-whitespace character is found. Then, starting from this character, takes an optional initial plus or minus sign followed by as many numerical digits as possible, and interprets them as a numerical value.

The string can contain additional characters after those that form the integral number, which are ignored and have no effect on the behavior of this function.

If the first sequence of non-whitespace characters in str is not a valid integral number, or if no such sequence exists because either str is empty or it contains only whitespace characters, no conversion is performed.

If no valid conversion could be performed, a zero value is returned. If the correct value is out of the range of representable values, INT_MAX (2147483647) or INT_MIN (-2147483648) is returned.

简单说就是把字符串转化为对应整数返回，超出int的表示范围则返回int的最大最小值，字符串不合要求则返回零。
并且只要前面出现的第一段字符能转为int，即使后面再出现其他字符也没关系，只需要把前面转为int的返回。

思路

对字符串的检测方法和上一题Valid Number类似

只需要增加string转化为int，和判断数据是否超出int的边界的代码

一边扫描一边转化为int，转化前需要先判断是否超出int表示范围

for(;str[i] <= '9' && str[i] >= '0' && i < str.length(); i++) {
            n_nm++;
            if (num > (INT_MAX - (str[i] - '0')) / 10) {
                return sign == -1? INT_MIN: INT_MAX;
            }//即转化后的 num * 10 + (str[i] - '0') 不能大于 INT_MAX

            num = num * 10 + (str[i] - '0');
        }

代码

class Solution {
public:
    int myAtoi(string str) {
        if(str.empty()) return 0;

        int num = 0;

        int sign = 1;

        int i = 0;

        int n_nm = 0;

        bool outRange = false;

        while(str[i] == ' ') i++; 

        if(i < str.length() && (str[i] == '+' || str[i] == '-')) {
            sign = (str[i] == '-')? -1: 1;
            i++;
        }

        for(;str[i] <= '9' && str[i] >= '0' && i < str.length(); i++) {
            n_nm++;
            if (num > (INT_MAX - (str[i] - '0')) / 10) {
                return sign == -1? INT_MIN: INT_MAX;
            }

            num = num * 10 + (str[i] - '0');
        }

        if(n_nm < 1) return 0;

        return num * sign;
    }
};