partition

Splits an element set into equivalency classes.

C++: template<typename _Tp, class _EqPredicate> int partition(const vector<_Tp>& vec, vector<int>& labels, _EqPredicate predicate=_EqPredicate())

Parameters:
vec – Set of elements stored as a vector.
labels – Output vector of labels. It contains as many elements as vec. Each label labels[i] is a 0-based cluster index of vec[i] .
predicate – Equivalence predicate (pointer to a boolean function of two arguments or an instance of the class that has the method bool operator()(const _Tp& a, const _Tp& b) ). The predicate returns true when the elements are certainly in the same class, and  returns false if they may or may not be in the same class.

The generic function partition implements an O(N2) algorithm for splitting a set of N elements into one or more equivalency classes, as described in http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint-set_data_structure . The function returns the number of equivalency classes.