创建一个简单的初级SpringMVC项目(注解版)

新建一个maven项目(JavaWeb)
导入依赖

<!--导入依赖-->
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>5.2.9.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

加入防止导出文件出错问题
加在pom.xml中

<build>
        <resources>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/java</directory>
                <includes>
                    <include>**/*.properties</include>
                    <include>**/*.xml</include>
                </includes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
            <resource>
                <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
                <excludes>
                    <exclude>**/*.properties</exclude>
                    <exclude>**/*.xml</exclude>
                </excludes>
                <filtering>true</filtering>
            </resource>
        </resources>
    </build>

在web.xml（4.0版本以上）中写入如下内容

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">



    <!--注册servlet-->
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <!--通过初始化参数指定SpringMVC配置文件的位置，进行关联-->
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springmvc-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <!--启动顺序，数字越小，启动越早-->
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>

    <!--所以请求都会被springMVC拦截-->
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>


</web-app>

在你的项目文件下 这个位置创建 (src\main\resources)springmvc-servlet.xml
内容如下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xsi:schemaLocation="
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        https://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
">
    <!--自动扫描包，让指定包下的注解生效，由IOC容器统一管理-->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.dong.controller"/>
    <!--让SpringMVC不处理静态资源  例如 .css .js .html .mp3 .mp4-->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
    <!--
        支持MVC注解驱动
            在Spring中一般采用@RequestMapping注解来完成映射关系
            要想使@RequestMapping注解生效
            必须向上下文注册DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping
            和一个AnnotationMethodlerAdapter实例
            这两个实例分别在类级别和方法级别处理
            而annotation-driven配置帮助我们自动完成上述两个实例的注入
    -->
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
    <!--视图解析器-->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"
          id="internalResourceViewResolver">
        <!--前缀-->
        <!--WEB-INF/jsp/hello.jsp-->
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"/>
        <!--后缀-->
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>


</beans>

最后一步创建一个类继承Controller

package com.dong.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

@Controller
//@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {
    //访问路劲位置:localhost:8080/hello/h1
    @RequestMapping("/h1")//hello请求
    public String hello(Model model){
        //封装数据
        model.addAttribute("msg","Hello,SpringMVCAnnotation");
        //返回到hello页面
        return "hello";//会被视图解析器处理;
    }
}

创建测试的jsp页面

<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}
</body>
</html>

之后将项目添加到Tomcat中进行测试即可