原文地址:http://baike.baidu.com/view/5513779.htm
定义
在stddef.h头文件中,该宏的完整说明如下:
#ifdef __cplusplus
#ifdef _WIN64
#define offsetof(s,m) (size_t)( (ptrdiff_t)&reinterpret_cast<const volatile char&>((((s *)0)->m)) )
#else
#define offsetof(s,m) (size_t)&reinterpret_cast<const volatile char&>((((s *)0)->m))
#endif
#else
#ifdef _WIN64
#define offsetof(s,m) (size_t)( (ptrdiff_t)&(((s *)0)->m) )
#else
#define offsetof(s,m) (size_t)&(((s *)0)->m)
#endif
#endif /* __cplusplus */
功能
该宏用于求结构体中一个成员在该结构体中的偏移量。
在msdn上,该宏被写作:
size_t offsetof( structName, memberName );
第一个参数是结构体的名字,第二个参数是结构体成员的名字。该宏返回结构体structName中成员memberName的偏移量。偏移量是size_t类型的。
程序示例
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stddef.h>
typedef struct
{
int iVal;
int iVal2;
}Test;
typedef struct
{
char ch;
int iNum;
}Test2;
int main(void)
{
Test t = {1, 2};
Test2 t2 = {'t', 100};
printf("\naddress of t : %p\naddress of t.iVal : %p\naddress of t.iVal2: %p\n\n", &t, &(t.iVal), &(t.iVal2));
printf("offset of iVal in t: %p\n", offsetof(Test, iVal));
printf("offset of iVal2 in t: %p\n", offsetof(Test, iVal2));
printf("\naddress of t2 : %p\naddress of t2.ch : %p\naddress of t2.iNum: %p\n\n", &t, &(t2.ch), &(t2.iNum));
printf("offset of ch in t2: %p\n", offsetof(Test2, ch));
printf("offset of iNum in t2: %p\n", offsetof(Test2, iNum));
return 0;
}
在VS2005中输出:
address of t : 0012FF10
address of t.iVal : 0012FF10
address of t.iVal2: 0012FF14
offset of iVal in t: 00000000
offset of iVal2 in t: 00000004
address of t2 : 0012FF10
address of t2.ch : 0012FF00
address of t2.iNum: 0012FF04
offset of ch in t2: 00000000
offset of iNum in t2: 00000004
需要注意的是,Test2中iNum成员的偏移量是4而不是1,这涉及到C语言中内存对齐机制。