BeanCreationException: Errorcreating bean with name 'userServiceImpl':导致原因之一

Caused by: BeanCreationException: Errorcreating bean with name ‘userServiceImpl’:导致原因之一

在我使用JUnit测试service层的时候，报了以下错误：

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Failed to load ApplicationContext

省略看不懂一连串…
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name ‘userServiceImpl’: Injection of resource dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type ‘com.he.dao.userDao’ available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@javax.annotation.Resource(shareable=true, lookup=, name=, description=, authenticationType=CONTAINER, type=class java.lang.Object, mappedName=)}
at org.springframework.context.annotation.CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(CommonAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:321)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1344)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.doCreateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:582)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.createBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:502)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.lambda$doGetBean$0(AbstractBeanFactory.java:312)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.getSingleton(DefaultSingletonBeanRegistry.java:228)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.doGetBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:310)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanFactory.getBean(AbstractBeanFactory.java:200)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:758)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.finishBeanFactoryInitialization(AbstractApplicationContext.java:868)
at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.refresh(AbstractApplicationContext.java:549)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:128)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractGenericContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericContextLoader.java:60)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:109)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:246)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:99)
at org.springframework.test.context.cache.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:117)
… 24 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type ‘com.he.dao.userDao’ available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@javax.annotation.Resource(shareable=true, lookup=, name=, description=, authenticationType=CONTAINER, type=class java.lang.Object, mappedName=)}

重点就在于以上加粗字体BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name以及NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type ‘com.he.dao.userDao’，

发现问题所在：
当我们在使用JUnit测试dao层的时候，只需要如此配置
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({“classpath:spring/spring-dao.xml”})
public class testService {
…
}

但是在测试service层的时候，就不能只导入一个配置文件了，因为测试service层也会使用dao层，所以应该这样配置
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({“classpath:spring/spring-service.xml”,“classpath:spring/spring-dao.xml”})
public class testService {
…
}
要同时导入dao层和service层的配置文件

如果，Junit报no tests found matching
可能是比较简单的疏忽：
1.测试方法也许没有用public void 修饰
2.或者测试方法忘了加@Test注释