对文件进行哈夫曼编码压缩与译码的C++实现 以及压缩率计算 ——HIT杨朔

哈夫曼编码压缩原理：由于每个字符在内存中都是以ASCII码进行存储，所以每个字符都占用了八个01位，利用哈夫曼树对每个字符进行01编码，根据字符在文章中出现的频率调整01串长度，出现频率高的字符在哈夫曼树中的权重大，编码后01串短，从而使得最终计算出的平均编码长度小于8，在本代码中平均编码长度约为4.72，压缩率约为59%，从而达到压缩文本的目的。

// HuffmanEncode.cpp: 定义控制台应用程序的入口点。
//

#include "stdafx.h"
#include<string>
int length;  //文章长度
//定义结构体统计单个字符出现次数
struct Char_Frequency
{
    char c;
    int Frequency;
};
Char_Frequency a[10000];   //建立结构体数组 存储每个字符的出现次数
                           /*从文本文件中统计各字符出现次数*/
void Char_Probability_Fromfile(FILE *fp)
{
    length = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)   //对结构体数组初始化
    {
        a[i].c = NULL;
        a[i].Frequency = 0;
    }
    char ch;
    while (fscanf(fp, "%c", &ch) == 1)
    {
        length++;
        int i = 0, flag = 0;
        while (a[i].c != NULL)
        {
            if (a[i].c == ch)
            {
                a[i].Frequency++;
                flag = 1;
            }
            i++;
        }
        if (!flag)
        {
            a[i].c = ch;
            a[i].Frequency = 1;
        }
    }

}
/*哈夫曼树存储结构*/
typedef struct {
    int weight;
    char c;
    int lchild;
    int rchild;
    int parent;
}HTNODE;
typedef HTNODE HuffmanT[10000];
HuffmanT T;
/*初始化哈夫曼树*/
void InitHT()
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++)
    {
        T[i].c = NULL;
        T[i].lchild = -1;
        T[i].rchild = -1;
        T[i].parent = -1;
        T[i].weight = NULL;
    }
}
/*为哈夫曼树加载权值*/
void InputW(int n)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        T[i].c = a[i].c;
        T[i].weight = a[i].Frequency;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        printf("权重初始为：%c %ld\n", T[i].c, T[i].weight);
    }
}
/*找到两个最小权值节点*/
void SelectMin(int n, int *p1, int *p2)
{

    int i, j;
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        if (T[i].parent == -1)
        {
            *p1 = i;
            break;
        }
    }
    for (j = i + 1; j < n; j++)
    {
        if (T[j].parent == -1)
        {
            *p2 = j;
            break;
        }
    }
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        if ((T[*p1].weight > T[i].weight) && (T[i].parent == -1) && (*p2 != i))
            *p1 = i;
    }
    for (j = 0; j < n; j++)
    {
        if ((T[*p2].weight > T[j].weight) && (T[j].parent == -1) && (*p1 != j))
            *p2 = j;
    }
}
/*哈夫曼树构造算法,n为有权值的节点个数*/
void CreateHT(int n)
{
    int i, p1, p2;
    InitHT();
    InputW(n);
    for (i = n; i < 2 * n; i++)
    {
        SelectMin(i, &p1, &p2);
        T[p1].parent = T[p2].parent = i;
        T[i].lchild = p1;
        T[i].rchild = p2;
        T[i].weight = T[p1].weight + T[p2].weight;
    }

}
/*哈夫曼编码表的存储结构*/
typedef struct {
    char ch;
    char bits[1000];
}CodeNode;
typedef CodeNode HuffmanCode[100000];
HuffmanCode H;
/*哈夫曼编码算法实现*/
void CharSetHuffmanEncoding(int n)
{
    int c, p, i;
    char cd[10000];
    int start;
    cd[n] = '\0';
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        H[i].ch = T[i].c;
        start = n;


        c = i;
        while ((p = T[c].parent) >0)
        {
            cd[--start] = (T[p].lchild == c) ? '0' : '1';
            c = p;
        }
        strcpy(H[i].bits, &cd[start]);
    }
}
char copy[100000000];
/*编码写入文件*/
void Encode(int n)
{
    FILE *fp = fopen("D:\\test2.txt", "r");
    FILE *fp2 = fopen("D:\\test2w.txt", "w");
    char ch;
    while (fscanf(fp, "%c", &ch) == 1)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
        {
            if (H[i].ch == ch)
            {
                fprintf(fp2, "%s", H[i].bits);
                strcat(copy, H[i].bits);
            }
        }
    }
}
/*解码写入文件*/
void Decode(int n)
{

    FILE *fp = fopen("D:\\decode.txt", "w");
    int root,p, i, j = 0;
    p = root = 2 * n - 1;
    for (i = 0; i < strlen(copy); i++)
    {
        if (copy[i] == '0')
        {
            p = T[p].lchild;
        }
        else if (copy[i] == '1')
        {
            p = T[p].rchild;
        }
        if (T[p].lchild == -1 && T[p].rchild == -1)
        {

            fprintf(fp, "%c", T[p].c);
            p = root;
        }
    }


}
/*求压缩率*/
void Encode_Rate(int n)
{
    float WPL=0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        WPL += (float)strlen(H[i].bits)*((float)((float)a[i].Frequency / (float)length));
    }

    printf("压缩率为:    %f\n", WPL/8.00);

}




int main()
{
    FILE *fp = fopen("D:\\test2.txt", "r");
    Char_Probability_Fromfile(fp);
    int i = 0;
    while (a[i].c != NULL)
    {
        printf("%c %d      %d", a[i].c, a[i].c, a[i].Frequency);
        printf("\n");
        i++;
    }
    printf("i为：%d\n", i);

    CreateHT(i);
    int n = 0;
    while (T[n].weight != NULL)
    {
        printf("序号：%d  %c 权重：%d  父母：%d 左儿子：%d  右儿子：%d \n", n, T[n].c, T[n].weight, T[n].parent, T[n].lchild, T[n].rchild);
        n++;
    }
    printf("-------\n");

    CharSetHuffmanEncoding(i);
    n = 0;

    Encode(i);
    Decode(i);

    printf("\n");
    Encode_Rate(i);





    return 0;
}

附上运行结果图片：

压缩译码前：

压缩译码后：

译码后，恢复原文：