SpingDataJpa

本文介绍 Spring Data JPA 的基本概念及其在实际项目中的应用,包括传统数据库访问方式、Spring JDBC 模板操作、Spring Data JPA 的配置与使用,以及 Repository 接口的详细解析。
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SpringDataJpa


简介

Spring Data 是为数据访问提供一种熟悉且一致的基于Spring的编程模型,同时仍然保留底层数据存储的特​​殊特性。它可以轻松使用数据访问技术,可以访问关系和非关系数据库。

Spring Data 又包含多个子项目:

  • Spring Data JPA
  • Spirng Data Mongo DB
  • Spring Data Redis
  • Spring Data Solr

传统数据库访问数据库

使用原始JDBC方式进行数据库操作
创建数据表
这里写图片描述
jdbc工具类

package com.JDBC.util;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.sql.*;
import java.util.Properties;

public class JDBCUtil {

    public static Connection getConnection() throws Exception {

        InputStream inputStream = JDBCUtil.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("db.properties");
        Properties properties = new Properties();
        properties.load(inputStream);

        String url = properties.getProperty("jdbc.url");
        String user = properties.getProperty("jdbc.user");
        String password = properties.getProperty("jdbc.password");
        String driverClass = properties.getProperty("jdbc.driverClass");
        Class.forName(driverClass);
        Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
        return connection;
    }

    public static void release(ResultSet resultSet, Statement statement,Connection connection) {
        if (resultSet != null) {
            try {
                resultSet.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (statement != null) {
            try {
                statement.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        if (connection != null) {
            try {
                connection.close();
            } catch (SQLException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }
}

建立POJO

package com.xx;

public class Student {

    private int id;

    private String name;

    private  int age;

    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}
package com.xx.dao;

import com.xx.domain.Student;
import com.xx.util.JDBCUtil;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class StudentDAOImpl implements StudentDAO{

    /**
     * 查询学生
     */
    @Override
    public List<Student> query() {

        List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();

        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        String sql = "select * from student";
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            resultSet = preparedStatement.executeQuery();

            Student student = null;
            while (resultSet.next()) {
                int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
                String name = resultSet.getString("name");
                int age = resultSet.getInt("age");

                student = new Student();
                student.setId(id);
                student.setAge(age);
                student.setName(name);

                students.add(student);
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            JDBCUtil.release(resultSet,preparedStatement,connection);
        }
        return students;
    }

    /**
     * 添加学生
     */
    @Override
    public void save(Student student) {
        Connection connection = null;
        PreparedStatement preparedStatement = null;
        ResultSet resultSet = null;
        String sql = "insert into student(name,age) values (?,?)";
        try {
            connection = JDBCUtil.getConnection();
            preparedStatement = connection.prepareStatement(sql);
            preparedStatement.setString(1, student.getName());
            preparedStatement.setInt(2,student.getAge());
            preparedStatement.executeUpdate();

        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally {
            JDBCUtil.release(resultSet,preparedStatement,connection);
        }
    }
}

使用Spring JDBC Template对数据库进行操作

  • 创建spring配置文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
    </bean>

    <bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
    </bean>
    <bean id="studentDAO" class="com.zzh.dao.StudentDAOSpringJdbcImpl">
        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
    </bean>
</beans>
  • 编写查询学生和保存学生的方法
package com.xx.dao;

import com.xx.domain.Student;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowCallbackHandler;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;


public class StudentDAOSpringJdbcImpl implements StudentDAO{

    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

    public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }


    @Override
    public List<Student> query() {
        final List<Student> students = new ArrayList<>();
        String sql = "select * from student";

        jdbcTemplate.query(sql, new RowCallbackHandler() {
            @Override
            public void processRow(ResultSet resultSet) throws SQLException {
                int id = resultSet.getInt("id");
                String name = resultSet.getString("name");
                int age = resultSet.getInt("age");

                Student student = new Student();
                student.setId(id);
                student.setAge(age);
                student.setName(name);

                students.add(student);
            }
        });
        return students;
    }

    @Override
    public void save(Student student) {

        String sql = "insert into student(name,age) values (?,?)";
        jdbcTemplate.update(sql, new Object[]{student.getName(), student.getAge()});
    }
}

弊端分析

  • DAO中有太多的代码

  • DAOImpl有大量重复代码

  • 开发分页或者其他功能还要重新封装

SpringData

例:

  • 添加pom依赖
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-data-jpa</artifactId>
    <version>1.8.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>
    <version>4.3.6.Final</version>
</dependency>
  • 创建一个新的spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa-1.3.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>

    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClass}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.user}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置EntityManagerFactory-->
    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
        <property name="jpaVendorAdapter">
            <bean class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.vendor.HibernateJpaVendorAdapter"/>

        </property>
        <property name="packagesToScan" value="com.zzh"/>

        <property name="jpaProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.ejb.naming_strategy">org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.show_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.format_sql">true</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!--事务管理器-->
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>
    </bean>

    <!--支持注解的事物-->
    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

    <!--spring data-->
    <jpa:repositories base-package="com.zzh" entity-manager-factory-ref="entityManagerFactory"/>

    <context:component-scan base-package="com.zzh"/>
</beans>

LocalContainerEntityMangaerFactoryBean:

适用于所有环境的FactoryBean,能全面控制EntityMangaerFactory配置,非常适合那种需要细粒度定制的环境。

jpaVendorAdapter:

用于设置JPA实现厂商的特定属性,如设置hibernate的是否自动生成DDL的属性generateDdl,这些属性是厂商特定的。目前spring提供HibernateJpaVendorAdapter,OpenJpaVendorAdapter,EclipseJpaVendorAdapter,TopLinkJpaVenderAdapter四个实现。

jpaProperties:

指定JPA属性;如Hibernate中指定是否显示SQL的“hibernate.show_sql”属性。

  • 建立实体类Employee:
package com.xx;


public class Employee {

    private  Integer id;

    private String name;

    private Integer age;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

}
  • 自定义接口并继承Repository 接口
    继承的Repository接口泛型里的第一个参数是要操作的对象,即Employee;第二个参数是主键id的类型,即Integer。
    方法即为根据名字找员工,这个接口是不用写实现类的。为什么可以只继承接口定义了方法就行了呢,因为spring data底层会根据一些规则来进行相应的操作。
    所以方法的名字是不能随便写的,不然就无法执行想要的操作。
package com.xx.repository;

import com.zzh.domain.Employee;
import org.springframework.data.repository.Repository;

public interface EmployeeRepository extends Repository<Employee,Integer>{
    Employee findByName(String name);
}
  • 创建测试类
    findByName方法体中先不用写,直接执行空的测试方法,我们的Employee表就自动被创建了,此时表中没有数据,向里面添加一条数据用于测试:这里写图片描述
package com.xx.repository;


import com.xx.domain.Employee;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class EmployeeRepositoryTest {

    private ApplicationContext ctx = null;

    private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository = null;

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans-new.xml");
        employeeRepository = ctx.getBean(EmployeeRepository.class);
    }

    @After
    public void tearDown() throws Exception {
        ctx = null;
    }

    @Test
    public void findByName() throws Exception {
        Employee employee = employeeRepository.findByName("zhangsan");
        System.out.println("id:" + employee.getId() + " name:" + employee.getName() + " age:" + employee.getAge());
    }

}

再执行测试方法中的内容:
这里写图片描述

Repository接口

  • Repository接口是Spring Data的核心接口,不提供任何方法
  • 使用 @ RepositoryDefinition注解跟继承Repository是同样的效果,例如 @ RepositoryDefinition(domainClass = Employee.class, idClass = Integer.class)
  • Repository接口定义为:public interface Repository

Repository的子接口
这里写图片描述

  • CrudRepository :继承 Repository,实现了CRUD相关的方法。
  • PagingAndSortingRepository : 继承 CrudRepository,实现了分页排序相关的方法。
  • JpaRepository :继承 PagingAndSortingRepository ,实现了JPA规范相关的方法。

这里写图片描述

Repository中查询方法定义规则
上面一个例子中使用了findByName作为方法名进行指定查询,但是如果把名字改为其他没有规则的比如test就无法获得正确的查询结果。

有如下规则:

这里写图片描述

最右边是sql语法,中间的就是spring data操作规范,现在写一些小例子来示范一下:

先在employee表中初始化了一些数据:
这里写图片描述

在继承了Repository接口的EmployeeRepository接口中新增一个方法:
这里写图片描述
条件是名字以test开头,并且年龄小于22岁,在测试类中进行测试:
这里写图片描述
得到结果:
这里写图片描述
在换一个名字要在某个范围以内并且年龄要小于某个值:这里写图片描述
测试类:
这里写图片描述
得到结果,只有test1和test2,因为在test1,test2和test3里面,年龄还要小于22,所以test3被排除了:
这里写图片描述
弊端分析
对于按照方法名命名规则来使用的弊端在于:

  1. 方法名会比较长
  2. 对于一些复杂的查询很难实现

Query注解

  • 只需要将 @ Query标记在继承了Repository的自定义接口的方法上,就不再需要遵循查询方法命名规则。
  • 支持命名参数及索引参数的使用
  • 本地查询

案例

  • 查询Id最大的员工信息
 @Query("select o from Employee o where id=(select max(id) from Employee t1)")
    Employee getEmployeeById();

注意: Query语句中第一个Employee是类名

测试类:

@Test
    public void getEmployeeByMaxId() throws Exception {
        Employee employee = employeeRepository.getEmployeeByMaxId();
        System.out.println("id:" + employee.getId() + " name:" + employee.getName() + " age:" + employee.getAge());
    }
  • 根据占位符进行查询

注意: 占位符从1开始

@Query("select o from Employee o where o.name=?1 and o.age=?2")
    List<Employee> queryParams1(String name, Integer age);

测试方法:

@Test
    public void queryParams1() throws Exception {
        List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.queryParams1("zhangsan", 20);
        for (Employee employee : employees) {
            System.out.println("id:" + employee.getId() + " name:" + employee.getName() + " age:" + employee.getAge());
        }
    }
  • 根据命名参数的方式
  @Query("select o from Employee o where o.name=:name and o.age=:age")
    List<Employee> queryParams2(@Param("name") String name, @Param("age") Integer age);
  • like查询语句
@Query("select o from Employee o where o.name like %?1%")
    List<Employee> queryLike1(String name);
@Test
    public void queryLike1() throws Exception {
        List<Employee> employees = employeeRepository.queryLike1("test");
        for (Employee employee : employees) {
            System.out.println("id:" + employee.getId() + " name:" + employee.getName() + " age:" + employee.getAge());
        }
    }
  • like语句使用命名参数
@Query("select o from Employee o where o.name like %:name%")
    List<Employee> queryLike2(@Param("name") String name);

本地查询

所谓本地查询,就是使用原生的sql语句进行查询数据库的操作。但是在Query中原生态查询默认是关闭的,需要手动设置为true:

@Query(nativeQuery = true, value = "select count(1) from employee")
    long getCount();

更新操作整合事物使用

  • 在DAO中定义方法根据Id来更新年龄(Modifying注解代表允许修改)
 @Modifying
    @Query("update Employee o set o.age = :age where o.id = :id")
    void update(@Param("id") Integer id, @Param("age") Integer age);

要注意,执行更新或者删除操作是需要事物支持,所以通过service层来增加事物功能,在update方法上添加Transactional注解。

package com.xx.service;

import com.xx.repository.EmployeeRepository;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

@Service
public class EmployeeService {

    @Autowired
    private EmployeeRepository employeeRepository;

    @Transactional
    public void update(Integer id, Integer age) {
        employeeRepository.update(id,age);
    }
}
  • 删除操作

    删除操作同样需要Query注解,Modifying注解和Transactional注解

 @Modifying
    @Query("delete from Employee o where o.id = :id")
    void delete(@Param("id") Integer id);


    @Transactional
    public void delete(Integer id) {
        employeeRepository.delete(id);
    }

CrudRepository接口

这里写图片描述

  • 创建接口继承CrudRepository
package com.xx.repository;


import com.xx.domain.Employee;
import org.springframework.data.repository.CrudRepository;

public interface EmployeeCrudRepository extends CrudRepository<Employee,Integer>{

}
  • 在service层中调用
 @Autowired
    private EmployeeCrudRepository employeeCrudRepository;
  • 存入多个对象
  @Transactional
    public void save(List<Employee> employees) {
        employeeCrudRepository.save(employees);
    }
  • 创建测试类,将要插入的100条记录放在List中:
package com.xx.repository;

import com.xx.domain.Employee;
import com.xx.service.EmployeeService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:beans-new.xml"})
public class EmployeeCrudRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    private EmployeeService employeeService;

    @Test
    public void testSave() {
        List<Employee> employees = new ArrayList<>();

        Employee employee = null;
        for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
            employee = new Employee();
            employee.setName("test" + i);
            employee.setAge(100 - i);
            employees.add(employee);
        }
        employeeService.save(employees);
    }
}

执行后:
这里写图片描述
CrudRepository总结

可以发现在自定义的EmployeeCrudRepository中,只需要声明接口并继承CrudRepository就可以直接使用了。

PagingAndSortingRepository接口

  • 该接口包含分页和排序的功能
  • 带排序的查询:findAll(Sort sort)
  • 带排序的分页查询:findAll(Pageable pageable)

    自定义接口

package com.xx.repository;


import com.xx.domain.Employee;
import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;

public interface EmployeePagingAndSortingRepository extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Employee, Integer> {

}

测试类:

分页

package com.xx.repository;

import com.xx.domain.Employee;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:beans-new.xml"})
public class EmployeePagingAndSortingRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    private EmployeePagingAndSortingRepository employeePagingAndSortingRepository;

    @Test
    public void testPage() {

        //第0页,每页5条记录
        Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(0, 5);
        Page<Employee> page = employeePagingAndSortingRepository.findAll(pageable);

        System.out.println("查询的总页数:"+ page.getTotalPages());
        System.out.println("总记录数:"+ page.getTotalElements());
        System.out.println("当前第几页:"+ page.getNumber()+1);
        System.out.println("当前页面对象的集合:"+ page.getContent());
        System.out.println("当前页面的记录数:"+ page.getNumberOfElements());
    }

}

排序:

在PageRequest的构造函数里还可以传入一个参数Sort,而Sort的构造函数可以传入一个Order,Order可以理解为关系型数据库中的Order;Order的构造函数Direction和property参数代表按照哪个字段进行升序还是降序。

现在按照id进行降序排序:

 @Test
    public void testPageAndSort() {

        Sort.Order order = new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id");
        Sort sort = new Sort(order);

        Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(0, 5, sort);
        Page<Employee> page = employeePagingAndSortingRepository.findAll(pageable);

        System.out.println("查询的总页数:"+ page.getTotalPages());
        System.out.println("总记录数:"+ page.getTotalElements());
        System.out.println("当前第几页:" + page.getNumber() + 1);
        System.out.println("当前页面对象的集合:"+ page.getContent());
        System.out.println("当前页面的记录数:"+ page.getNumberOfElements());
    }

JpaRepository接口

这里写图片描述

  • 创建接口继承JpaRepository
package com.xx.repository;


import com.xx.domain.Employee;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;

public interface EmployeeJpaRepository extends JpaRepository<Employee,Integer>{
}
  • 测试类:
package com.xx.repository;

import com.xx.domain.Employee;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:beans-new.xml"})
public class EmployeeJpaRepositoryTest {

    @Autowired
    private EmployeeJpaRepository employeeJpaRepository;

    @Test
    public void testFind() {
        Employee employee = employeeJpaRepository.findOne(99);
        System.out.println(employee);
    }
}

查看员工是否存在

@Test
    public void testExists() {
        Boolean result1 = employeeJpaRepository.exists(25);
        Boolean result2 = employeeJpaRepository.exists(130);
        System.out.println("Employee-25: " + result1);
        System.out.println("Employee-130: " + result2);
    }

JpaSpecificationExecutor接口

  • Specification封装了JPA Criteria查询条件
  • 没有继承其他接口。

    自定义接口

    这里要尤为注意,为什么我除了继承JpaSpecificationExecutor还要继承JpaRepository,就像前面说的,JpaSpecificationExecutor没有继承任何接口,如果我不继承JpaRepository,那也就意味着不能继承Repository接口,spring就不能进行管理,后面的自定义接口注入就无法完成。

package com.xx.repository;


import com.xx.domain.Employee;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;


public interface EmployeeJpaSpecificationExecutor extends JpaSpecificationExecutor<Employee>,JpaRepository<Employee,Integer> {
}

测试类

测试结果包含分页,降序排序,查询条件为年龄大于50

package com.xx.repository;

import com.xx.domain.Employee;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Sort;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.Specification;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import javax.persistence.criteria.*;


@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:beans-new.xml"})
public class EmployeeJpaSpecificationExecutorTest {

    @Autowired
    private EmployeeJpaSpecificationExecutor employeeJpaSpecificationExecutor;

    /**
     * 分页
     * 排序
     * 查询条件: age > 50
     */
    @Test
    public void testQuery() {

        Sort.Order order = new Sort.Order(Sort.Direction.DESC, "id");
        Sort sort = new Sort(order);

        Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(0, 5, sort);

        /**
         * root:查询的类型(Employee)
         * query:添加查询条件
         * cb:构建Predicate
         */
        Specification<Employee> specification = new Specification<Employee>() {
            @Override
            public Predicate toPredicate(Root<Employee> root, CriteriaQuery<?> query, CriteriaBuilder cb) {
                Path path = root.get("age");
                return cb.gt(path, 50);
            }
        };

        Page<Employee> page = employeeJpaSpecificationExecutor.findAll(specification, pageable);

        System.out.println("查询的总页数:"+ page.getTotalPages());
        System.out.println("总记录数:"+ page.getTotalElements());
        System.out.println("当前第几页:" + page.getNumber() + 1);
        System.out.println("当前页面对象的集合:"+ page.getContent());
        System.out.println("当前页面的记录数:"+ page.getNumberOfElements());

    }

}
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