numpy 教程+习题 (2)

import numpy as np  ##导入 numpy 库   https://www.cjavapy.com/article/86/ 

a=np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6])

type(a)

numpy.ndarray

h=[[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6],
   [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]]

h=np.array(h)

h.shape

(2, 6)

type(h)

numpy.ndarray

np.array([[9., 6., 6., 0.],
       [1., 1., 4., 4.],
       [5., 8., 4., 2.]])  #创建数组

array([[9., 6., 6., 0.],
       [1., 1., 4., 4.],
       [5., 8., 4., 2.]])

np.arange(2, 11)

array([ 2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10])

A = np.arange(2, 14).reshape((3, 4)).reshape((4, 3)) #创建数组 
A

array([[ 2,  3,  4],
       [ 5,  6,  7],
       [ 8,  9, 10],
       [11, 12, 13]])

np.arange(2, 11)

array([ 2,  3,  4,  5,  6,  7,  8,  9, 10])

print("x3 ndim: ", A.ndim)  #矩阵维度
print("x3 shape:", A.shape)
print("x3 size: ", A.size)

x3 ndim:  2
x3 shape: (4, 3)
x3 size:  12

#三维矩阵x3 = np.random.randint(14, size=(3, 4, 5))

x3 = np.random.random(size=(3, 4, 5))*10

x3

array([[[0.37247274, 7.84124814, 4.11228058, 3.7981753 , 1.19610792],
        [1.92534929, 9.23423633, 3.88329418, 5.30616234, 7.19617662],
        [0.04423295, 2.17721904, 4.86048157, 1.88985335, 8.93965394],
        [4.20499972, 9.22810303, 8.73045394, 4.60283268, 9.59997377]],

       [[5.96963522, 5.75766333, 5.61647632, 2.28076572, 6.0228205 ],
        [4.42755314, 8.44510872, 7.74622313, 7.4235936 , 7.20688381],
        [8.67319313, 4.37395885, 6.55975974, 0.08706108, 6.59956666],
        [8.37760248, 4.46297264, 3.77028682, 8.36898121, 3.95394592]],

       [[4.73138877, 9.81395382, 5.03888182, 8.77952017, 8.66848035],
        [9.32291736, 7.48538111, 5.29438052, 8.90062888, 2.80902739],
        [6.14990407, 4.1840326 , 1.61165831, 5.77772102, 2.69895953],
        [7.39714435, 0.24643307, 7.95312517, 9.23028146, 3.13950791]]])

np.zeros( (3,4) )
np.ones( (2,3,4), dtype=np.int16 )
np.random.random((2,3))##产生o 1之间的 2行三列的矩阵
np.arange(1, 10).reshape((3, 3))
10*np.random.random((2,3))##
np.full((2, 2),10)

array([[10, 10],
       [10, 10]])

np.full((2, 2),10)

array([[10, 10],
       [10, 10]])

np.ones( (2,3,4), dtype=np.int16 )

array([[[1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1]],

       [[1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1],
        [1, 1, 1, 1]]], dtype=int16)

np.full((2, 2),10)

array([[10, 10],
       [10, 10]])

a=np.full((256, 256),0)
b=np.full((256, 256),255) #(3x256x256)
c=np.full((256, 256),0)
h=np.array([a,b,c])

h[2,:,:]

array([[0, 0, 0, ..., 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, ..., 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, ..., 0, 0, 0],
       ...,
       [0, 0, 0, ..., 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, ..., 0, 0, 0],
       [0, 0, 0, ..., 0, 0, 0]])

np.random.random((2,3))##产生o 1之间的 2行三列的矩阵

array([[0.61576026, 0.3917193 , 0.82596591],
       [0.19233162, 0.47523683, 0.50324686]])

10*np.random.random((2,3))##

array([[2.76937953, 4.21406067, 5.7420121 ],
       [8.29300122, 6.62083157, 1.73100621]])

A= np.random.randint(14, size=(4,4))
A

array([[ 0,  0, 12, 10],
       [ 7,  5, 10,  3],
       [10,  1,  4,  6],
       [ 6, 11,  0,  3]])

print("x3 ndim: ", x3.ndim)
print("x3 shape:", x3.shape)
print("x3 size: ", x3.size)

x3 ndim:  3
x3 shape: (3, 4, 5)
x3 size:  60

A.diagonal() # 返回对角线元素

array([0, 5, 4, 3])

np.fliplr(A)#左右翻转矩阵

array([[10, 12,  0,  0],
       [ 3, 10,  5,  7],
       [ 6,  4,  1, 10],
       [ 3,  0, 11,  6]])

A

array([[ 0,  0, 12, 10],
       [ 7,  5, 10,  3],
       [10,  1,  4,  6],
       [ 6, 11,  0,  3]])

np.fliplr(A).diagonal() #返回反对角线

array([10, 10,  1,  6])

A  #A[2,1]

array([[ 0,  0, 12, 10],
       [ 7,  5, 10,  3],
       [10,  1,  4,  6],
       [ 6, 11,  0,  3]])

A.flatten() #将A展开为列表

array([ 0,  0, 12, 10,  7,  5, 10,  3, 10,  1,  4,  6,  6, 11,  0,  3])

np.linalg.matrix_rank(A) #返回矩阵的秩

4

matrix=A
A

array([[ 0,  0, 12, 10],
       [ 7,  5, 10,  3],
       [10,  1,  4,  6],
       [ 6, 11,  0,  3]])

np.max(matrix)
np.min(matrix)
np.max(matrix, axis=0) # 寻找每列的最大元素
np.max(matrix, axis=1)# 寻找每行的最大元素

array([12, 10, 10, 11])

np.max(A, axis=1)

array([12, 10, 10, 11])

A.cumsum(axis=1) #每一行的值累加
A.cumsum(axis=0)

array([[ 0,  0, 12, 10],
       [ 7,  5, 22, 13],
       [17,  6, 26, 19],
       [23, 17, 26, 22]], dtype=int32)

A

array([[ 0,  0, 12, 10],
       [ 7,  5, 10,  3],
       [10,  1,  4,  6],
       [ 6, 11,  0,  3]])

A.cumsum(axis=1)

array([[ 0,  0, 12, 22],
       [ 7, 12, 22, 25],
       [10, 11, 15, 21],
       [ 6, 17, 17, 20]], dtype=int32)

A[1,0:2]

array([7, 5])

A

array([[ 0,  0, 12, 10],
       [ 7,  5, 10,  3],
       [10,  1,  4,  6],
       [ 6, 11,  0,  3]])

A+2

array([[ 2,  2, 14, 12],
       [ 9,  7, 12,  5],
       [12,  3,  6,  8],
       [ 8, 13,  2,  5]])

#创建一个大小为10的向量
arr = np.zeros(10)
arr

array([0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])

#创建一个大小为10的空向量，但是第五个值为1
arr = np.zeros(10)
arr[4] = 1
arr

array([0., 0., 0., 0., 1., 0., 0., 0., 0., 0.])

#创建一个10-49的ndarray数组
arr = np.arange(10,50)
arr

array([10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26,
       27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,
       44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49])

#创建一个3x3的矩阵，其值在0-8之间
arr = np.arange(9).reshape(3,3)
arr

#创建一个3*3的单位阵

A = np.arange(2, 11).reshape((3, 3))
A

array([[ 2,  3,  4],
       [ 5,  6,  7],
       [ 8,  9, 10]])