前言
本篇博文面对的是刚接触JavaWeb开发的四层框架结构(前后端分离的开发模式),开始摆脱在JSP页面嵌套大量Java代码的Low状或者苦脑于数据库的操作问题(尤其是SQL代码很烦有木有),学完SSM框架后你就会发现后台开发变得前所未有的简单!讲多无谓,下面就开始详细的搭建框架。
在搭建框架前还是得循例介绍一下SSM
Spring+SpringMCV+Mybatis
下面我会用一个分页查询的实例来介绍SSM框架(不知道分页查询?问百度)
首先来看一下效果图
大概就是这个样子
软件版本
Spring 4.1.7.RELEASE
Mybatis 2.2.7
Maven 1.0(安装配置就不再介绍了)
JDK 1.8(重要的还是JDK的版本,其他的都不太会出现问题,1.9或以上的版本偶尔会出现问题,建议用1.8或一下)
大致框架
数据库
创建Maven工程
中间就是你的工程名字
什么,你创建的框架跟这个不一样(系统默认的是JDK1.5的,只要修改到1.7以上就可以了,还有WEB的版本,默认是2.3的,我们把它修改到3.1,无法修改的话底部会有介绍,这里不再穿插)
修改一下配置
开始配置文件
我把代码都贴出来,里面有详细的解释
maven的prom.xml
主要是做包的引入(会自己下载到数据仓库),这也是maven的一个优点,避免了自己导入包的版本不一致导致出错
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.Wang</groupId>
<artifactId>Firsts</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>Firsts Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<dependencies>
<!-- 单元测试 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- 1.日志 -->
<!-- 实现slf4j接口并整合 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
<artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
<version>1.1.1</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 2.数据库 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.37</version>
<scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- DAO: MyBatis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>3.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
<version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 3.Servlet web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
<version>2.5.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 4.Spring -->
<!-- 1)Spring核心 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 2)Spring DAO层 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 3)Spring web -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 4)Spring test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>4.1.7.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>
<!-- redis客户端:Jedis -->
<dependency>
<groupId>redis.clients</groupId>
<artifactId>jedis</artifactId>
<version>2.7.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.dyuproject.protostuff</groupId>
<artifactId>protostuff-core</artifactId>
<version>1.0.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.dyuproject.protostuff</groupId>
<artifactId>protostuff-runtime</artifactId>
<version>1.0.8</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Map工具类 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-collections</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>
<version>3.2</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>Firsts</finalName>
</build>
</project>
web.xml(修改web版本时遇到问题的可以看文章底部)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_1.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="3.1">
<display-name>Firsts</display-name>
<!-- 如果是用mvn命令生成的xml,需要修改servlet版本为3.1 -->
<!-- 配置DispatcherServlet -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>seckill-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!-- 配置springMVC需要加载的配置文件
spring-dao.xml,spring-service.xml,spring-web.xml
Mybatis - > spring -> springmvc
-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:spring/spring-*.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>seckill-dispatcher</servlet-name>
<!-- 默认匹配所有的请求 -->
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!-- 首页 -->
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file>
<welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>
Spring
有些博文会吧Spring整合成一个文件,叫SpringMVC之类的 这里我就吧三者分离出来,容易理解(dao=M)(service=C)(web=V)
spring-dao.xml(注意下面配置的每个包的包名对应你自己创建的包,以下的代码也是)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 配置整合mybatis过程 -->
<!-- 1.配置数据库相关参数properties的属性:${url} -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
<!-- 2.数据库连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<!-- 配置连接池属性 -->
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}" />
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}" />
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}" />
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
<!-- c3p0连接池的私有属性 -->
<property name="maxPoolSize" value="30" />
<property name="minPoolSize" value="10" />
<!-- 关闭连接后不自动commit -->
<property name="autoCommitOnClose" value="false" />
<!-- 获取连接超时时间 -->
<property name="checkoutTimeout" value="10000" />
<!-- 当获取连接失败重试次数 -->
<property name="acquireRetryAttempts" value="2" />
</bean>
<!-- 3.配置SqlSessionFactory对象 -->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<!-- 配置MyBaties全局配置文件:mybatis-config.xml -->
<property name="configLocation" value="classpath:mybatis-config.xml" />
<!-- 扫描entity包 使用别名 -->
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.jd.book.entity" />
<!-- 扫描sql配置文件:mapper需要的xml文件 -->
<property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:mapper/*.xml" />
</bean>
<!-- 4.配置扫描Dao接口包,动态实现Dao接口,注入到spring容器中 -->
<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<!-- 注入sqlSessionFactory -->
<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />
<!-- 给出需要扫描Dao接口包,对应你自己的包名 -->
<property name="basePackage" value="com.jd.book.dao" />
</bean>
</beans>
spring-service.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 扫描service包下所有使用注解的类型 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.jd.book.service" />
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<!-- 注入数据库连接池 -->
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<!-- 配置基于注解的声明式事务 -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
</beans>
spring-web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.0.xsd">
<!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
<!-- 1.开启SpringMVC注解模式 -->
<!-- 简化配置:
(1)自动注册DefaultAnootationHandlerMapping,AnotationMethodHandlerAdapter
(2)提供一些列:数据绑定,数字和日期的format @NumberFormat, @DateTimeFormat, xml,json默认读写支持
-->
<mvc:annotation-driven />
<!-- 2.静态资源默认servlet配置
(1)加入对静态资源的处理:js,gif,png
(2)允许使用"/"做整体映射
-->
<mvc:default-servlet-handler/>
<!-- 3.配置jsp 显示ViewResolver -->
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
</bean>
<!-- 4.扫描web相关的bean -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.jd.book.web" />
</beans>
mybatis-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!-- 配置全局属性 -->
<settings>
<!-- 使用jdbc的getGeneratedKeys获取数据库自增主键值 -->
<setting name="useGeneratedKeys" value="true" />
<!-- 使用列别名替换列名 默认:true -->
<setting name="useColumnLabel" value="true" />
<!-- 开启驼峰命名转换:Table{create_time} -> Entity{createTime} -->
<setting name="mapUnderscoreToCamelCase" value="true" />
</settings>
</configuration>
jdbc.properties(数据库的连接密码用户数据库名字编码方式,需要一一对应)
jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/book?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
jdbc.username=
jdbc.password=
使用Mybatis generator工具可以生成model(entity)、mapping(SQL语句)、dao(数据库操作方法)
对应下面三个文件(当然自己写也是可以的)
Book.java
package com.jd.book.entity;
public class Book {
private long bookId;
private String name;
private int number;
public long getBookId() {
return bookId;
}
public void setBookId(long bookId) {
this.bookId = bookId;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getNumber() {
return number;
}
public void setNumber(int number) {
this.number = number;
}
}
BookDao.java
package com.jd.book.dao;
import java.util.List;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Param;
import com.jd.book.entity.Book;
public interface BookDao {
int count();//列表长度
/**
*
* @param id
* @return
*/
Book queryById(long id);
/**
*
* @param offset 起始位置
* @param n 数目
* @return
*/
List<Book> Dpage(int offset);
List<Book> queryAll();
}
BookDao.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.jd.book.dao.BookDao">
<!-- 目的:为dao接口方法提供sql语句配置 -->
<select id="queryById" resultType="Book" parameterType="long">
<!-- 具体的sql -->
SELECT
book_id,
name,
number
FROM
book
WHERE
book_id = #{bookId}
</select>
<select id="count" resultType="int" >
SELECT COUNT(*)
from
book;
</select>
<select id="queryAll" resultType="Book">
SELECT
book_id,
name,
number
FROM
book
</select>
<select id="Dpage" resultType= "Book" >
SELECT
book_id,
name,
number
From
book
LIMIT #{offset},3
</select>
<update id="reduceNumber">
UPDATE book
SET number = number - 1
WHERE
book_id = #{bookId}
AND number > 0
</update>
</mapper>
下面开始写业务层
BookService.java
package com.jd.book.service;
import java.util.List;
import com.jd.book.entity.Book;
public interface BookService {
/**
* 查询一本图书
*
* @param bookId
* @return
*/
Book getById(long bookId);
/**
* 查询所有图书
*
* @return
*/
List<Book> getList();
int count();//列表长度
//分页查询
List<Book> Dpage(int offset);
}
BookServiceImpl.java
package com.jd.book.service.impl;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import com.jd.book.dao.BookDao;
import com.jd.book.entity.Book;
import com.jd.book.service.BookService;
@Service
public class BookServiceImpl implements BookService {
// 注入Service依赖
@Autowired
private BookDao bookDao;
@Override
@Transactional
public Book getById(long bookId) {
return bookDao.queryById(bookId);
}
@Override
@Transactional
public List<Book> getList() {
return bookDao.queryAll();
}
@Override
public int count() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return bookDao.count();
}
@Override
public List<Book> Dpage(int offset) {
return bookDao.Dpage(offset);
}
}
BookController.java
package com.jd.book.web;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import com.jd.book.entity.Book;
import com.jd.book.service.BookService;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/book") // url:/模块/资源/{id}/细分 /seckill/list
public class BookController {
@Autowired
private BookService bookService;
@RequestMapping(value = "/list", method = RequestMethod.GET)
private String list( Model model,int offset) {
if(offset>4)offset=4;
List<Book> list = new ArrayList<Book>();
list = bookService.Dpage(0);
if(offset!=0)
{
if(offset*3>bookService.count()) {
list = bookService.Dpage(bookService.count()-1);
offset--;
}
list = bookService.Dpage(offset*3);
}
model.addAttribute("list", list);
int page = bookService.count();
if(page==0) {
return "list";
}
if((double)(page*1.0/3)>(int)(page/3)) {
page = (int)(page/3)+1;
}else {
page = page/3;
}
model.addAttribute("page",page);
model.addAttribute("Thispage",offset+1);
// list.jsp + model = ModelAndView
return "list";// WEB-INF/jsp/"list".jsp
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/Glist", method = RequestMethod.GET)
private String Glist( Model model,int offset) {
if(offset!=0)offset--;
List<Book> list = new ArrayList<Book>();
list = bookService.Dpage(0);
if(offset!=0)
{
if(offset*3>bookService.count()) {
list = bookService.Dpage(bookService.count()-1);
offset--;
}
list = bookService.Dpage(offset*3);
}
model.addAttribute("list", list);
int page = bookService.count();
if(page==0) {
return "list";
}
if((double)(page*1.0/3)>(int)(page/3)) {
page = (int)(page/3)+1;
}else {
page = page/3;
}
model.addAttribute("page",page);
model.addAttribute("Thispage",offset+1);
// list.jsp + model = ModelAndView
return "list";// WEB-INF/jsp/"list".jsp
}
//上一页
@RequestMapping(value = "/nlist", method = RequestMethod.GET)
private String nlist( Model model,int offset) {
List<Book> list = new ArrayList<Book>();
list = bookService.Dpage(0);
if(offset!=0)
{
if((offset-1)*3>bookService.count()) {
list = bookService.Dpage(bookService.count()-1);
}
list = bookService.Dpage((offset-1)*3);
}
model.addAttribute("list", list);
int page = bookService.count();
if(page==0) {
return "list";
}
if((double)(page*1.0/3)>(int)(page/3)) {
page = (int)(page/3)+1;
}else {
page = page/3;
}
if(offset<=1)offset=2;
model.addAttribute("page",page);
model.addAttribute("Thispage",offset-1);
// list.jsp + model = ModelAndView
return "list";// WEB-INF/jsp/"list".jsp
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/{bookId}/detail", method = RequestMethod.GET)
private String detail(@PathVariable("bookId") Long bookId, Model model) {
if (bookId == null) {
return "redirect:/book/list";
}
Book book = bookService.getById(bookId);
if (book == null) {
return "forward:/book/list";
}
model.addAttribute("book", book);
return "detail";
}
}
前端页面list.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<%@ taglib uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" prefix="c"%>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1 align="center">Book List</h1>
<form action="/Firsts/book/Glist">
<table align="center" border="1">
<tr>
<td>bookId</td>
<td>bookName</td>
<td>bookNumber</td>
</tr>
<c:forEach var="message" items="${list}">
<%--用EL表达式调用list对象的属性循环输出对象的各个属性值--%>
<tr>
<td>${message.bookId}</td>
<td>${message.name}</td>
<td>${message.number}</td>
</tr>
</c:forEach>
</table>
<table align="center">
<tr>
<td>第${Thispage}页</td>
<td>共${page}页</td>
<td><a href="/Firsts/book/list?offset=0">首页</a></td>
<td><a href="/Firsts/book/list?offset=${Thispage}">下一页</a></td>
<td><a href="/Firsts/book/nlist?offset=${Thispage}">上一页</a></td>
<td><a href="/Firsts/book/list?offset=${page}">尾页</a></td>
<td>转到第<input type="text" name="offset" value="">页
<button type="submit">go</button></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>
添加到Tomcat -》start 输入网址 http://localhost:8080/Firsts/book/list?offset=0
到此完成.
下面我会介绍一些常见的问题
1、修改web的版本时出错
解决方法:首先删除原来的web.xml,去掉原先勾选的
点击保存,再次打开,勾选后左下会有
点击OK即可.
2.出现某某文件不存在无法访问的情况
解决方法:检查每个配置文件里包名,必须与自己创建的相对应
3.index.xml报错
解决方法:在build path 中引入tomcat