4. Distributed System Models 分布式系统模型

Introduction 介绍

• Distributed systems should be designed to fucntion correctly in all circumstances/scenarios.
• Distributed system models helps in:
  1. classifying and understanding different implementations
  2. identifying their weaknesses and strengths
  3. crafting new systems ouf of pre-validated building blocks

• 分布式系统应该在所有情况/场景下正确运行。
• 分布式系统模型的作用：
  1. 有助于对不同的实现进行分类和理解
  2. 帮助识别系统实现的弱点和优势
  3. 为构建新系统提供了经过验证的构建块

The structure and organization of systems and the relationship amoung their components should be designedwith the following goals:

• To cover the widest possible range of circumstances.
• To cope with possible difficluties and threats.
• To meet the current and possibly the future demands.

分布式系统的结构和组织以及组件之间的关系应该被设计以满足以下目标:

• 覆盖尽可能广泛的情况。
• 应对可能的困难和威胁。
• 满足当前和未来的需求。

Architecture models provide both:

• a pragmatic starting point: in terms of implementation models and basic bolcks
• a conceptual view: in terms of logical view of the system, interaction flow, and components

架构模型的作用：

• 架构模型提供了实际的起点,帮助确定实施模型和基本构建块
• 提供了概念上的视图, 有助于理解系统的逻辑视图、交互流程以及组件之间的关系

Challenges:

Physical Models

Architectural Models

Software Layers
System Architectures

Client-Server

Clients and a Single Server

Multiple Servers

Proxy Servers with Caches

Peer Model

Alternative Client-Sever models driven by

Mobile code

mobile agents

network computers

thin clients

mobile

devices

spontaneous networking

Design Challenges/Requirements

Fundamental Models – formal description

Interaction

failure

security models

Summary