依赖注入(DI)
1 构造器注入
(前面已经说过了)
2 Set方式注入(重点)
- 依赖注入:Set注入!
- 依赖:bean对象的创建依赖于容器;
- 注入:bean对象的所有属性,由容器来注入;
环境搭建
- 复杂类型
public class Address {
private String address;
public String getAddress() {
return address;
}
public void setAddress(String address) {
this.address = address;
}
}
- 真实测试对象
public class Student {
private String name;
private Address address;
private String[] books;
private List<String> hobbys;
private Map<String,String> card;
private Set<String> games;
private String wife;
private Properties info;
}
- beans.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
<!--第一种,普通值注入,用value-->
<property name="name" value="huba"/>
</bean>
</beans>
- 测试类
@Test
public void test1(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml");
Student student = (Student) context.getBean("student");
System.out.println(student.getName());
}
完善注入信息:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="address" class="com.kuang.pojo.Address"/>
<bean id="student" class="com.kuang.pojo.Student">
<!--第一种,普通值注入,用value-->
<property name="name" value="huba"/>
<!--第二种 bean注入 用ref-->
<property name="address" ref="address"/>
<!--数组-->
<property name="books">
<array>
<value>红楼梦</value>
<value>西游记</value>
<value>水浒传</value>
<value>三国演义</value>
</array>
</property>
<!--list-->
<property name="hobbys">
<list>
<value>听歌</value>
<value>敲代码</value>
<value>看电影</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--map-->
<property name="card">
<map>
<entry key="身份证" value="111111222222223333"/>
<entry key="银行卡" value="123123123123123"/>
</map>
</property>
<!--set-->
<property name="games">
<set>
<value>LOL</value>
<value>COC</value>
<value>BOB</value>
</set>
</property>
<!--null-->
<property name="wife">
<null/>
</property>
<!--properties-->
<property name="info">
<props>
<prop key="driver">1601400105</prop>
<prop key="url">男</prop>
<prop key="username">root</prop>
<prop key="password">123456</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>
3 拓展方式注入
我们可以使用p命名空间和c命名空间注入。
官方解释:
使用:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--p命名空间注入 p=properties-->
<bean id="user" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" p:name="huba" p:age="18">
</bean>
<!--c命名空间注入 c=construct-args -->
<bean id="user2" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" c:age="88" c:name="CodeHuba"/>
</beans>
测试:
@Test
public void test2(){
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("userebeans.xml");
User user = context.getBean("user2", User.class);
System.out.println(user);
}
注意点:
需要导入命名空间约束!
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
4 Bean的作用域(Scope)
- 单例模式(Spring默认机制)
<bean id="user2" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" c:age="88" c:name="CodeHuba" scope="singleton"/>
- 原型模式:每次从容器中get的时候,都会产生一个新对象
<bean id="user2" class="com.kuang.pojo.User" c:age="88" c:name="CodeHuba" scope="prototype"/>
- 其余的request、session、application,这些个只能在web开发中使用!